average fastball speed 1990s

Archived post. Velocity, Should MLB Teams Be Placing More Emphasis Speed of the Fastest Pitched Baseball Such a small difference might not seem like much, or something we should focus on right now. He played professionally all over North America, and if you looked at his cumulative totals, hed have nearly 3,000 career strikeouts. The strikeout king (5,714) is so far and ahead of everyone that as impressive as his record seven ho-hitters are, theres only one guy (Randy Johnson) within even 1,000 Ks of his lifetime mark. Not to be outdone, New York Yankees closer Aroldis Chapman regained his seemingly perennial status as fastest pitcher in the league, throwing a 103.3 mph fastball. Greene has already achieved history, a triumph that is all the more significant for the rookie because it took place in his own Los Angeles. Covey is just one fifth-starter candidate, along with Manny Bauelos, whose only MLB action came in '15. Of all the MLB pitchers who threw 95 mph or harder on average in 2017, 80 percent of them appeared on the disabled list at some point during the season. On July 2, Jordan Hicks, a relief pitcher for the St. Louis Cardinals, threw the baseball at a speed of 103.4 mph twice. The fastball is the most common pitch in baseball and usually has the highest velocity. Speed Hes still considered one of the best to ever throw a baseball, and its estimated his fastball could reach 100 mph. MLB fastballs were thrown on average at 90.9 mph in 2008. Now, rookie hurlers do tend to cool off significantly as the season progresses. We won't be reaching those speeds The Mets average perceived velocity is 89.92 MPH. Normally Id say yes but I think the abbreviated spring has something to do with the shorter starts. To convert Pitch/FX pitches to their velocity at pitch release, MLB went back and recalculated them. In 2021, for example, their average velocity in April was 94.4 mph, a mark that stood at 93.8 the rest of the way. Whichever is accurate, Feller absolutely dominated hitters during his time. * Imminent Big Leaguers article. 0000012632 00000 n Rookie left-handers Jesus Luzardo (MLB Pipeline's No. 0000008776 00000 n First, the gap between starters and relievers has shrunk. At 90 mph, a bit faster than the 87 mph of the average big-league fastball, the hitter has 0.42 seconds to get his bat on the ball. Use without license or authorization is expressly prohibited. Power is only part of the pitching equation, and Ryan scores higher than anybody else in MLB history. In Little League, when you returned to the dugout after seeing a new pitcher, your teammates didnt ask about movement or break. ^^^ Yes, this for myself as well. 0000004972 00000 n Strikeouts are only a part of his dominance, but in just 1,260 career innings, the 65 righty already has 1,161 strikeouts and is pitching no-hitters like hes Nolan Ryan. Even Little League coaches seem to place a lot of value on a pitchers ability to throw hard and how fast their fastball travels. Chapman struck out the Baltimore Orioles with a 105.1 mph fastball to end the game in the ninth inning. Its worth bringing up though, since, well, that uptick encapsulates whats so stunning (and terrifying) about modern pitching. Free shipping for many products! Total Zone Rating and initial framework for Wins above Replacement calculations provided by Sean Smith. The average pitch speed across all MLB teams is around Less than 90 mph: .379 90-92 mph: .365 92-94 mph: .355 94-96 mph: .335 96-98 mph: .281 More than 98 mph: .270. In 2015, 9.14 percent reached that speed. The Pitch/FX technology, which MLB employed in 2010, tracked pitches at a distance of around 50 feet from home plate, where Chapmans fastballs speed of 105.1 mph was recorded. ^^^. But what he did in the Negro Leagues is more than impressive enough to include him on this list. Special to The Post and Courer, South Carolina Stingrays' quest for fourth Kelly Cup comes up short against Florida, Gamecocks' backups getting the job done as starters inch toward return, College of Charleston signs Kobe Rodgers, gets 2 more commits, Suns-Nuggets NBA Playoffs spread play, 76ers-Celtics total: Best Picks for May 1, The Berkeley Independent - Moncks Corner, SC, Wet base injuries? As a result, Aroldis Chapman is adjudged to have thrown the quickest pitch in MLB history. All images are property the copyright holder and are displayed here for informational purposes only. By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. All Rights Reserved. The 13 and 14-year-old age group includes pitchers who may be playing a significant amount of trip baseball or completing their Little League career. How then do you explain Max Scherzer who threw 5 innings and 72 pitches in his first ST start then came back to go 6 innings in his next ST start. Average Pitch Speed German Mrquez, Antonio Senzatela and Jeff Hoffman (if he can snag a spot) all average around 94 mph or higher. the official stats partner of the NBA, NHL and MLB. 0000003574 00000 n They dont always call it pitch speed, although they measure it in miles per hour.Baseballs number crunchers generally call it velocity and how fast a pitch seems to the hitter is referred to as perceived velocity.. (Half of James' six MLB appearances last year came out of the bullpen, but he was primarily a starter in the Minors during the season. Understanding the different pitch types and their average speed is essential for both the players and the fans. His less serious work can be found on Twitter @justinochoi. However, the Yankees closer just turned 34, so recent ailments have likely caused his velocity to decline. The Rockies, Mets and Pirates are the only teams with an average velocity over 90 MPH.The Rockies and Pirates are the only teams with an average perceived velocity over 90 MPH. Soroka is one of a handful of young Atlanta pitchers who could factor into the rotation, including lefty Luiz Gohara, who has averaged 96.2 mph as a starter in his young career. Before we get to the high heat, a few notes about the methodology: "Fastball" was defined as four-seamers and two-seamers/sinkers. However, that pitch is presently recorded by Major League Baseball as a 105.8 mph fastball. 0000007948 00000 n Become a Stathead & surf this site ad-free. 0000006426 00000 n Reasonable shipping cost. HdTn0+xXdKvZ8]t)E1n!q8[)M QIQ5SUihqdWoqfg_{>h]vv17\+M CkS?T U!f2R2`~,5WB%@CXB9(T[,M'>Y1D2&. Question, Comment, Feedback, or Correction? Wood is now blowing away hitters as a full-time reliever. Watch more top videos, highlights, and B/R original content, Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information. (Deep Analysis), Do NFL Players Take Creatine? At 90 mph, a bit faster than the 87 mph of the average big-league fastball, the hitter has 0.42 seconds to get his bat on the ball. The software continued to advance over time. The three pitchers with the highest maximum velocity all needed Tommy John surgery. The fastball is the most common pitch in baseball and usually has the highest velocity. For a person of this age, a changeup typically travels between 50 and 60 mph. What is the Average Velocity of a Division 1 Pitcher? With the shorten st, seems like a lot of the league is not fully stretched out and starters may be airing it out a little more, knowing they are only going one or two times through? What was the average speed of a fastball during Babe Ruth er He was the definition of unhittable and is still only 23 years old. Im more troubled, though, by what these rockets could be doing to the arms of the athletes throwing them. What is the Average Velocity of a Division With Major League Baseball games stretching longer and longer, and with what can feel like an eternity between pitches, its no wonder the stat flashing the speed of the pitchers last pitch has become so popular. They verified that average fastball velocity has been rising steadily since then, from 90.2 miles per hour in '05 to 91.2 mph in each of the past two seasons. Just look at the growing use of weighted baseballs by pitching coaches to increase a kids pitch speed. Rounding out the bottom three for average velocity are the San Diego Padres (87.3 MPH) and your world champion Chicago Cubs (87.3 MPH). Pitchers that are seasoned or experienced, however, frequently dont care as much about pitch counts. On the Stalker Pro II, a pitch that was 94 mph on the Stalker Pro was reported as 95 mph. Communication. average speed When it comes to entire pitching staffs, the Colorado Rockies have the leagues highest average velocity (90.4 MPH) and highest average perceived velocity (90.22 MPH). That average speed jumped to 92.0 mph by only 2013. &-]]IHFA ) @sfDq00r@bbbp4ezGC@_ 64\ &%70`ha\CQ1 I q@ tH endstream endobj 62 0 obj 256 endobj 31 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 26 0 R /Resources 32 0 R /Contents [ 37 0 R 43 0 R 45 0 R 47 0 R 49 0 R 51 0 R 53 0 R 55 0 R ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /CropBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Rotate 0 >> endobj 32 0 obj << /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text ] /Font << /TT2 34 0 R /TT4 39 0 R /TT6 41 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 57 0 R >> /ColorSpace << /Cs6 33 0 R >> >> endobj 33 0 obj [ /ICCBased 56 0 R ] endobj 34 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /TrueType /FirstChar 32 /LastChar 121 /Widths [ 250 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 500 0 0 0 250 0 0 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 722 667 0 722 667 611 778 0 389 0 0 667 0 722 778 611 0 722 556 667 722 722 1000 0 722 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 500 0 444 556 444 333 0 0 278 0 0 278 833 556 500 0 0 444 389 333 556 0 0 0 500 ] /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /BaseFont /GLAHHD+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT /FontDescriptor 35 0 R >> endobj 35 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /Ascent 891 /CapHeight 656 /Descent -216 /Flags 34 /FontBBox [ -558 -307 2034 1026 ] /FontName /GLAHHD+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT /ItalicAngle 0 /StemV 160 /FontFile2 58 0 R >> endobj 36 0 obj 658 endobj 37 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 36 0 R >> stream The Brewers would move up with a healthy return from Jimmy Nelson and more starts for young arms such as Brandon Woodruff and Corbin Burnes. Major League Baseball introduced the PITCH/FX system in 2006 to precisely track pitches movement and speed. Its not a fluke either. no matter the speed at which they travel toward the plate. While Tanaka and Sabathia don't throw hard, they also used their fastballs less often than any other regular starters. Chapman is capable of hitting 105 repeatedly and may still be developing physically. Webaverage fastball speed in 1990. van hooser navy seal 0; is cocomelon hypnotizing 0 puntos; Ofertas. For this group, changeups should be made at a speed that is around 15 mph slower or around the upper 70s. A team's average is the average of every fastball thrown by those pitchers last year, as opposed to just an average of each pitcher's average fastball velocity. There are always going to be those people who can light up the radar gun around 100 mph, but the average fastball for these upper-level pitchers is 90 mph. 3) Mets: 94.5 mphNoah Syndergaard 97.4 mph, Jacob deGrom 95.9 mph, Zack Wheeler 95.9 mph, Steven Matz 93.4 mph, Jason Vargas 86.4 mphWith the defending National League Cy Young Award winner, plus Syndergaard and Wheeler, the Mets boasted three of last season's top seven starters in average fastball velocity out of the 108 who threw at least 1,000 heaters. An official reading is unavailable because Dalkowski pitched in the 1950s and 1960s, but some have estimated his fastball could reach 105 mph. On Aug. 20, 1974, Ryan entered The Guinness Book of World Records with a 100.9 mph pitch. Justin is a contributor at FanGraphs. Fastball Velocity, Fastball Usage, and All That Fun Stuff Typically, pitchers in the MLB throw fastballs ranging from 90 to 100 MPH. But what made Clemens great wasnt his statistical achievements, but rather his approach to the game. Because its an opportune moment for more permanent changes. Soon afterwards, league-wide velocity began to trend upwards again, and here we are. Fastball. File/Kathy Willens/AP. MLB data from 2018 was used for every pitcher, except those who didn't start in the Majors last year or haven't pitched in MLB yet. I'm a hardcore sports enthusiast and also the founder of ProfessionalsHQ, where my team and I will share our knowledge and provide you with the best and up-to-date information about professional sport. Can the island keep it. 4) Yankees: 94.0 mphLuis Severino 97.6 mph, James Paxton 95.4 mph, J.A. As major league clubs increasingly pull their starters out of games early, they go to their bullpens more often. But just because the third strike often eluded Gibson, doesnt mean that the Hall of Famer didnt throw hard. If you are an average 12-year old runner (16.1 fps) and dont get faster, you will reach 1B about 3 feet behind the average 13U runner. New York Yankees relief pitcher Aroldis Chapman threw a 103.3 mph pitch against the Boston Red Sox in May. On opening day this season, St. Louis Cardinals rookie Jordan Hicks, 21, became the youngest hurler to throw a pitch 101.6 mph or harder since 2009. (Sabathia does use a cutter heavily.). The Best 50 Small Music Venues in America, Find Venues Near You! Its hard to disagree considering that the righty piled up 2,581 strikeouts (26th all-time) during his career and led the AL in Ks seven times from 1938-1948. That message isnt reaching the young throwers and their coaches and parents. I'm 24, 5'6, 130 lbs (I'm a girl) and i got 35. NOTE: The numbers came from Baseball Info Solutions (numbers rounded off) MLB starters average fastball velocity last year 62 of the 85 MLB starters averaged 90 mph or above. Three of the top four teams in terms of winning percentageNew York Yankees, Washington Nationals, and Rockiesare within the top ten of average velocity and average perceived velocity. All major league baseball data including pitch type, velocity, batted ball location, Ryan finished his career with 9.5 SO/9 IP (fourth all time) and led the AL in strikeouts 11 times. Five Trends That Could Define Baseballs Future Varsity high school fastballs typically travel between 75 and 85 miles per hour, while many talented pitchers may reach speeds of up to 90 miles per hour. The 28 Hardest Throwers in MLB History But you know, the players are striking out because they need to choke up and slap at the ball for singles. Pitchers are scary. But The Freak is a monster when it comes to pitching. Honestly, major league teams and pitchers can do what they want. At 107.9 mph, the hitter has 0.35 seconds. Baseball Pitching Velocity Chart from Youth to Pro 4.9. He ranked third in that category (minimum 500 fastballs), behind only Severino and Syndergaard. The average major league fastball Greg Maddux The unfavorable lighting conditions only allowed a comparison of 30% of the swings with the light trap. Average Pitch Speed do you think the shorter april outings are playing a part in the velo spike? Fastball Velocities Are Already Up Chapman established MLB history on September 24, 2010. trailer << /Size 63 /Info 27 0 R /Root 30 0 R /Prev 172301 /ID[<4d51cd6be91b7febf092654b24eb8b78><27e1d713a25654b383de612a9ce28db1>] >> startxref 0 %%EOF 30 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 26 0 R /Metadata 28 0 R /PageLabels 25 0 R >> endobj 61 0 obj << /S 187 /L 292 /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 62 0 R >> stream Kerry Wood blazed onto the baseball scene (literally) with a 100 mph baseball and a 20-strikeout game that had fans thinking Hall of Fame in just his fifth career start. Happ 91.9 mph, Masahiro Tanaka 91.6 mph, CC Sabathia 90.1 mphNo starter last season averaged a higher fastball velo than Severino, whose 151 pitches at 99-plus mph were by far the most in the Majors for someone in that role. For perceived velocity, nine-pitch Stanek is also number one (99.23 MPH), but Chapman is two (96.47 MPH) and Rosenthal is three (96.38 MPH). So far in 2022, 68 starting pitchers have thrown at least 50 four-seam fastballs. But also contributing to higher velocities are pitchers with a few seasons under their belt, pitchers who used the offseason to become better versions of themselves. Web1990: 913: 2nd in NL: 1989: 890: 5th in NL: 1988: 943: 4th in NL: Innings Pitched. However, the athletes may be beginning to enter puberty at this age, thus it is not unusual to see a pitcher throw at or close to 70 mph. Chapman is the owner of the fastest ever recorded pitch at an incredible 105.1 mph. The average fastball from an MLB starter in 2018 was 92.3 mph, compared with 93.4 mph for relievers. 0000004481 00000 n ProfessionalsHQ is a participant in the Amazon Affiliate Marketing Program. 0000002359 00000 n That risk was almost double that of the pitchers who threw 90 to 93 mph. Chapmans quickest fastball has accelerated by about a mile per hour over the previous ten years. Last night he was masterful again with 7 innings of 1 hit ball on 102 pitches. He laughed at what I got, convinced he could blow me out of the water. Zumayas name tends to be forgotten in discussions about baseballs hardest throwers because he hasnt pitched in a game all season and has been injury prone for five years. Baseball purists long to examine the statistics of their favorite players and teams. Feliz is only in his second full season of pro ball, but already hes earned a reputation as a phenomenal power pitcher. He topped 100 Ks in his first full season as the Los Angeles closer and regularly reached triple-digits. Web1990: 26: 483: 28.4: 4.26: 3.85: 4210: 3781: 429: 140: 260: 1113: 37563.2: 36817: 17919: 16079: 3317: 13852: 1384: 23853: 861: 288: 1355: 160316: 1.349.287: 8.8: 0.8: 3.3: 5.7: Counting Ryan Yarbrough (89.2 mph), who pitched 147 1/3 innings last year despite making just six starts, would bring down that average. In 2003, only one MLB pitcher threw at least 25 pitches reaching 100 mph or more that season. His career 10.6 SO/9 IP is evidence of that, although hes up to 11.8 this season. Much of the play-by-play, game results, and transaction information both shown and used to create certain data sets was obtained free of charge from and is copyrighted by RetroSheet. Baseball statistics go hand in hand. More max-effort and less worry about saving it for 7 or 8 innings. Major League Pitching Year-by-Year Averages | Baseball average 0000004234 00000 n As we said, Aroldis Chapmans fastball broke the 105 mph barrier for the first time with a speed of 105.1 mph. Ted Williams once took a spring training pitch from the 58 Dalkowski and reportedly never saw it. His 10.0 SO/9 IP during his career would be fourth all-time if the righty threw more innings. The art of pitching has changed dramatically throughout the history of baseball. Since college and MLB scouts emphasize a pitchers fastball velocity, many pitchers strive to pitch with a high velocity. The Rocket struck out 4,672 helpless batters during his career, third all-time. He was once clocked at 101 mph in 2009 and is capable of throwing in the upper 90s late in the game. Fastballs are faster than ever. Pitching is a very important technique in the game of baseball. We may look at the runs scored statistic to demonstrate the impact this increase in velocity has had on batters in the major leagues. Only a decade later, eight pitchers hit that mark. Pitchers dont usually return from Tommy John surgery with the same velocity, so we may never see the flame-throwing Strasburg ever again. Last season, they averaged 93.8. 9-tie) Braves: 93.1 mphMike Foltynewicz 96.4 mph, Kevin Gausman 93.6 mph, Sean Newcomb 93.0 mph, Mike Soroka 92.6 mph, Julio Teheran 89.7 mphFoltynewicz enjoyed a breakout season behind one of MLB's hardest fastballs. 0000002606 00000 n Speed of the Fastest Pitched Baseball Our reasoning for presenting offensive logos. Back in 2008, the first year with PITCHf/x data, pitchers averaged 91.8 mph on their four-seam fastballs. For more information, please see our Anywhere between 60 and 75 mph is typical for a high school pitchers changeup, which should have a -10 to -15 mph drop. But maybe we are getting a little ahead of ourselves here. Almost every pitch is up that much, changeups have actually gained 5.3 mph. This years four-seamers checked in at an average velocity of 93.9 mph. The 10 most powerful pitchers in baseball history Its almost laughable to call Lincecum a power pitcher after looking at his wiry 511, 165-pound frame. Read moreGamecocks' backups getting the job done as starters inch toward return, College of C Read moreCollege of Charleston signs Kobe Rodgers, gets 2 more commits, Each day, on Read moreSuns-Nuggets NBA Playoffs spread play, 76ers-Celtics total: Best Picks for May 1, The Post and Courier How is that possible? Im concerned about batters hit by pitches, obviously. Although some slight increases are undoubtedly possible, a pitchers maximum fastball velocity is probably reached by the time they graduate from high school. As their associate, the site earns from qualifying purchases. Every Sports Reference Social Media Account, Site Last Updated: Tuesday, May 2, 3:49AM. Williams' velocity also declined (from 91.8 mph), yet he got great results by limiting hard contact. In the past, a kid with a good arm was trained to become a starting pitcher. Hb```f``I``e` @16@ O+hp9/%65w)9n*sbR(*`]$wYJGcI The problem is nobody was around to actually see it because this guy pitched way back in the 1910s. 0000038574 00000 n It increases pressure on hitters and widens a pitcher's margin for error. The point is that these starters already know in advance that theyll probably only throw 4 or 5 innings (if that much), so they have less reason to hold back on their velocity to get through their entire start like they normally do. Theres a reason the kid had two Cy Young awards by the time he was 25. America's pastime. Shane Bieber, the Cleveland Guardians starters and a mysterious 0000001696 00000 n However, he is still just 23 years old. Whats familiar about this year is that once again, theres been a likely trade-off between effectiveness and longevity. Pitch speeds seems a little salacious. While these speed numbers might awe baseball fans, the injury stats might floor them. I know this because I recently watched an outing by Matt Brash, who, despite his nonexistent command that day, used a scorching heater and two breaking balls to stymie a formidable Astros lineup. 0000001855 00000 n But the righty did what only one other player in MLB history has ever done: throw a pitch 104.8 mph. When youre dealing with fastballs traveling at, or near, 100 miles per hour, Id think a foot or two wouldnt matter. 12 prospect) and Yusei Kikuchi didn't count for this exercise, but they could be big boosts for Oakland and Seattle, respectively. So if one pitcher threw 2,000 fastballs and another threw 500, the first pitcher's fastball received a lot more weight. But two trends characterize the more recent years. On July 2, three of his pitches were timed at 103 mph. As mentioned before, this analysis leaves out pitchers whose primary fastball is either a sinker or a cutter. All Win Expectancy, Leverage Index, Run Expectancy, and Fans Scouting Report data licenced from TangoTiger.com. Wohlers was a failed starter who came out of seemingly nowhere to be a lockdown closer for the Braves in the mid 1990s. According to data from Fangraphs and Statcast, the average major league fastball has improved 3.8 miles an hour in the past 20 years, and the number of pitches at Average The true speed of Fellers fastball is a subject of great debate. Number one is Tampa Bay Rays righty Ryne Stanek.He has an average velocity of 99.3 MPH, but has only thrown nine pitches (all but one was 99 MPH). Cobb wont be included in the rest of this article because Im focusing on four-seamers, but thats fine there are plenty of other pitchers to work with. If the two numbers are similar, that means we can more confidently put stock into what the first few weeks have demonstrated. In his first season with Philly, Arrieta's velocity was up from the year before (92.2 mph), but it was still down quite a bit from 2016 (94.4 mph). Solved The manager of a minor league baseball team If he harnesses all his pitches and learns to throw strikes consistently, theres no reason he cant one day pass the next guy on this list in career strikeouts. What was once a 105 mph fastball is now considered the first 106 mph pitch ever recorded in MLB history (with rounding). But there will never be another strikeout pitcher who played as long as Ryan did (27 seasons) for as well as he did. (Though it should be noted that none of the five finished higher than 13th in starting pitching WAR, according to FanGraphs.). A pitcher who throws at 75 mph with a fastball of high school caliber is substantially above average for someone of this age. Theyve spent most of their careers in the current age of player development. Its early, but so far, pitchers have been averaging 93.9 mph on their fastballs, for an uptick of 0.1 mph. The stat for where pitchers release the ball is called extension.. As a former soccer player and current nutrition advisor, I know firsthand how demanding this game can be on our bodies. This quantity changes depending on a pitchers arm strength, fitness level, age, and capacity. Here are each team's average and perceived average pitching velocities in graph form: It sounds like a Vin Diesel movie, but perceived velocity considers where a pitcher releases the ball.A pitcher must start his windup on the rubber, which is sixty feet, six-inches from home plate, but thats not necessarily how far the ball travels. However, keep in mind that most high schools offer a Freshman, Sophomore, and Varsity program to balance the significant age gap. average Rosenthal has the second-highest average velocity at 97 MPH.Chapman is third at 96.2 MPH. Theyre receptive to data-driven feedback, and importantly, they have considerably less mileage on their arms. Matt Anderson, has thrown the fastest pitched baseball which measured 103 miles per hour (166 km/h or 46.0 m/s). The SPORTS REFERENCE and STATHEAD trademarks are owned exclusively by Sports Reference LLC. The average fastball speed is 92 miles per hour. Pitchers are no longer conditioned or expected to go the distance; theyre often built for five, six, occasionally seven max-effort innings, and the numbers bear that out. almost perfect progression from lots of fastballs (84% on 3-0) down to. By comparison, starters who are slightly older (ages 26 to 30) are sitting a full tick lower: 93.7, which is only marginally higher than last season. For pitchers 10 years of age and younger, the typical fastball velocity ranges from 40 to 50 mph.

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