how to treat scours in humans

Physiologists used to think that the muscles controlled their own effort levels, shutting down when exhausted. cup molasses or raw honey 4 quarts of warm water Equipment A drenching syringe is a must-have tool for all who raise goats. This is due to the way antibiotics disrupt the balance of bacteria in your intestines. Fortification of Carica papaya fruit seeds to school meal snacks may aid Africa mass deworming programs: a preliminary survey. Taking stock of your personal risk factors can help you take steps to prevent future infections. You may be contagious up to two weeks after your symptoms stop, so make sure you continue to take precautions even after you feel better. It also outlines safety concerns with using natural remedies to get rid of parasites and how you may have gotten infected. Garlic, probiotic-rich yogurt, and carrots or sweet potatoes are sometimes also recommended to help support your body's natural defenses. A person with intestinal worms may also experience dysentery. Does It Work? In severe cases, they may cause chronic illness or death. Older adults are also at increased risk due to weakened immune systems. This happened at my parents house n it was miserable. doi:10.1111/pim.12422, Reda AA. Jay Yepuri, MD, MS, is a board-certified gastroenterologist and a practicing partner at Digestive Health Associates of Texas (DHAT). Cryptosporidiosis is an illness you get from the parasite Cryptosporidium. A storm, strongwind or the mother going off hunting for new grassdisrupts the normal nursing pattern. Protocol Use: Give one pink gel capsule at the first sign of scours and repeat on day 2 and 3 if needed (do not exceed 3 . If you have it for more than 3 days, make an appointment. Learn about onchocerciasis, also known as river blindness, and see pictures of common symptoms. In one 2015 trial, a group of school children in one county in Kenya ate porridge with ground papaya seeds in it for several months. Because it is yeast, it should be used with caution in people with inadequate immune systems. Fortification of Carica papaya fruit seeds to school meal snacks may aid Africa mass deworming programs: a preliminary survey. 2023 Dotdash Media, Inc. All rights reserved, Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. The SOAR project was started in response to an urgent need to train health care professionals in anti-human trafficking knowledge and skills. PRESENTATION: Noromycin 300 LA is available in 100 mL, 250 mL and 500 mL vials. Since you can still spread cryptosporidiosis even once your symptoms are gone, ask your employer or school when you or your child can come back. (2016, July). Eat small bites of food if youre able to. Wash raw vegetables or fruits. This involves pairing a high-fiber diet with supplements to clear out your intestines. The treatment of scours in calves should aim to replace lost body fluids, correct the electrolyte imbalance, and supply energy. Antiprotozoal medication can also be used to treat cryptosporidiosis in people with healthy immune systems. If this continues for several days, you should contact your doctor. How to treat scours As with almost anything on a farm, prevention is preferable to treatment. How to naturally treat scours (1) Improving Bull Fertility (1) Mineralyte Soil Foundation (1) Nitrogen Strategies (1) Redmond First Month Calf DFM (1) Soil (1) Soil Testing (1) Stronger Heats in Cows (1) Tagging a new calf (1) Winter Safety on the Farm (1) bison minerals (1) chickens (1) copper deficiency (1) greenhouse gas emissions (1) In a study involving mice, an extract made from the sweet wormwood shrub killed, paralyzed, or damaged adult tapeworms and their eggs. Parasitic colitis. J Invest Surg. CRUELTY (A)The infliction of physical, mental or emotional pain without necessity. (2014, March 18), ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3950600/, health.clevelandclinic.org/2014/12/moms-advice-is-still-the-best-for-treating-diarrhea/, health.harvard.edu/digestive-health/is-something-in-your-diet-causing-diarrhea, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4748908/, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3296087/, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4135247/, mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diarrhea/basics/definition/con-20014025, nccam.nih.gov/health/probiotics/introduction.htm, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4058509/, acs.org/content/acs/en/pressroom/newsreleases/2014/march/the-precise-reason-for-the-health-benefits-of-dark-chocolate-mystery-solved.html, 5 Methods for Getting Rid of Diarrhea Fast, What You Need to Know About Antibiotics and Diarrhea, The Meal Plan to Relieve Toddler Diarrhea. J Vet Med. Intestinal worm infections can pose a higher risk if youre pregnant. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. Nitazoxanide has been FDA-approved for treatment of diarrhea caused by Cryptosporidium in people with healthy immune systems and is available by prescription. A wide range of diseases can cause it. Scours is a term for diarrhea; another term that may be applied to this disease is enteritis, which means inflammation of the intestinal tract. Afterward, pat the area dry (dont rub) with a clean, soft towel. Dysentery is an intestinal infection that can cause severe diarrhea for up to a week. Learn about foods that cause diarrhea, Discover 20 causes of abdominal pain and diarrhea including stomach flu, food poisoning, allergies, and more, as well as diagnosis, treatment, and, The BRAT diet stands for bananas, rice, applesauce, and toast. Her work is regularly featured in media such as First For Women, Woman's World, and Natural Health. Diarrhea After Eating: Why It Happens and How to Stop It, water contaminated with an infectious agent, boiled or baked potatoes (with skins peeled), chicken soup (which also aids in rehydration), artificial sweeteners (found in chewing gum, diet soft drinks and sugar substitutes). They're often found in places like the seams of your mattress or cracks in your bed frame. Can you give a calf Pepto Bismol? If youre pregnant and are found to have an intestinal worm infection, your doctor will determine which antiparasitic medication therapy is safe to take during pregnancy and will monitor you closely while you are treated during pregnancy. When you have loose or watery stool, its called diarrhea. Dont drink untreated water or unpasteurized milk. Occasionally blood and mucus may be evident in the stools. Read our, Herbs and Supplements in a Parasite Cleanse. Common over-the-counter medications include: While these drugs can relieve the symptoms of diarrhea, they dont treat the underlying cause. Its a good idea to see your doctor if you: If you have any of the above signs, and especially if you have traveled out of the country recently, you should make an appointment with a doctor. Common causes of bacterial scours in young animals include: Salmonella, Escherichia coli (E. coli), and Clostridium perfringes (enterotoxemia). Given the violent nature of the diarrhoea, life supportive measures should take precedence over anti-cryptosporidial pharmacotherapy. STEP 1: Reduce and prevent at the first sign of calf scours. Other possible causes leading to intestinal worm infection include: Once youve consumed the contaminated substance, the parasite travels into your intestines. Colonoscopy, in rare cases, in which your doctor looks inside yourcolon with a thin, flexible tube that holds a tiny camera and light. Some people get it more often. Loperamide. If you have intestinal parasites, you may have digestive symptoms, including abdominal pain and diarrhea. I not have him strip his clothes off in the garage and we wash them separately. Calf Renova uses the cleaning activity of oregano to reduce harmful bacteria, then binds and flushes pathogens from the gut and promotes beneficial bacteria growth. The diet is made up of four bland, low-fiber foods: 3 Bananas Rice Applesauce Toast These foods can help your stool become firmer. Some children have growth problems after having cryptosporidiosis. Antiparasitic properties of propolis extracts and their compounds. The primary causes of scours include: Rota virus, Corona virus, Cryptosporidium parvum, Salmonella, and Escherichia coli. SCOURS, or calf diarrhoea, is a widely prevalent and debilitating disease among livestock. Stress can cause many physical symptoms, including gastrointestinal problems such as diarrhea, cramping, and abdominal pain. PRAY. Avoid coffee, sugar, alcohol, and refined grains. Last medically reviewed on March 3, 2022. Your provider will give you a sterile container and instructions on how to get a sample. Adults can take an over-the-counter medicine such as bismuth subsalicylate or loperamide, which you can get as liquids or tablets. Worms in your gut eventually pass through your digestive system and are excreted in your feces. Depending on the severity of your symptoms and whether you have underlying conditions, your provider may prescribe: Loperamide can cause heart rhythm problems in high doses. These include: bananas rice (white) applesauce toast Other foods that are usually well-tolerated when experiencing diarrhea. Certain food and drinks may also help you manage your symptoms. NOROMYCIN LA 300 Injectable Solution offers the advantage of combining broad spectrum effectiveness against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria, with prolonged antibiotic blood levels up to 4 days duration following a single treatment. Medications may also help cure a Cryptosporidium infection. How Did I Get a Parasite in the First Place? Consult with your healthcare provider for more information about potential advantages and disadvantages of taking nitazoxanide. Therapeutic efficacy of Artemisia absinthium against Hymenolepis nana: In vitro and in vivo studies in comparison with the anthelmintic praziquantel. Watery stools that may be brown, grey, green, yellow in color. For roundworms, you may find pieces of worms or large, live worms in your feces. Probiotics are sources of good bacteria that work in your intestinal tract to create a healthy gut environment. All rights reserved. You also need to stay hydrated. Adults can take an over-the-counter medicine such asbismuth subsalicylate orloperamide, which you can get as liquids or tablets. However, only some parasites are detectable with blood tests. Pumpkin seeds and papaya seeds have also reduced parasite numbers in humans. Your healthcare provider may order tests (including stool tests) to identify the parasite. A parasite cleanse is a combination of herbal supplements and dietary changes aimed at killing and eliminating organisms living in your intestines or elsewhere in or on your body. Can Bedbugs Get into or Live in Your Hair? If youve been around farm animals or at a petting zoo, wash your hands thoroughly before touching your face or eating. Perhaps these data need to be collected by notifiable diseases in future. 2014;9(4):503-10. Youre also at higher risk for getting cryptosporidiosis if you: If youre living with a compromised immune system and get cryptosporidiosis, youre at risk of ongoing and life-threatening illness. Common symptoms of diarrhea include frequent, watery stools, abdominal cramping, and bloating. Pinworms, which are about the length of a staple, are sometimes visible around the anal region at night, when females lay their eggs on the surrounding skin. Diarrhea that happens after eating is known as postprandial diarrhea. To figure out the cause, your doctor will want to know your symptoms and medical history. It's important to note that the parasite in the study is one that infects mice, not humans. Neag MA, Mocan A, Echeverra J, et al. [1] Steps Download Article 1 Determine if treatment is required. Diarrhea Symptoms: When Are They Something More Serious? You may need prescriptions or medical care as well depending on a number of factors. (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31246941/), (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3368497/). Thank you, {{form.email}}, for signing up. Food Allergy Testing & Treatment in Singapore for processed foods, 10 Most Popular Reasons Why Babies Wake At Night, Fatty In Trouble 2: Bull Ride for Android App, KicksandKaviar Dedicated To The Urban Camper kicks, sneakers, NOISEMAKERS: Live Hip Hop Interview Series, Know Mo Mobilizing Knowledge about Addiction & Mental Health in Alberta, Generalized Problematic Internet Use Scale (GPIUS), New report about Edmontons street-involved youth, Back to the Basics: Word of Mouth Marketing, Aacua By Maaman Review and Giveaway ** Closed**, The Humiliations of Motherhood: Enough to Scare the Crap Out of Anyone (Quite Literally), How to treat depression safely while breastfeeding: An interview with Dr. Kathleen Kendall-Tackett. Cryptosporidiosis is diagnosed with a stool (poop) sample. Avoid coffee, sugar, alcohol, and refined grains. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our. If you go swimming while you have diarrhea, the parasite can contaminate the water. Here are five ideas. However, sometimes this process of getting waste out of your body changes. Studies have shown that for adults with mild symptoms of diarrhea, sports drinks and over-the-counter rehydration solutions are equally effective. Its very easy for cryptosporidiosis to spread from infected people or animals. Some of these include: Those that have been studied and have some research supporting their use include: There is evidence that a diet rich in vitamin A and the minerals selenium and zinc may improve your body's natural defense against parasite infection. Plenty of options, from anti-diarrheal medication to dietary changes that soothe your digestive system, can help you find relief. Pharmacol Res. A doctor may then examine your stool. (2022). Most people infected with hookworms have no symptoms. However, the effectiveness of nitazoxanide in immunosuppressed individuals is unclear. Nutritional scours can be caused byanything that disrupts this normal habit. You may haveitching, burning, or pain when you go to the bathroom. How to treat scours As with almost anything on a farm, prevention is preferable to treatment. Whether your diarrhea comes and goes, or is continuous, If you think certain foods and situations make things better or worse, If your stool looks bloody, oily, fatty, or watery, Other symptoms you have and how long youve had them, If you have a family history of chronic diarrhea, Unusual foods you've tried in the last little while, Any medication orsupplements you're taking, : Runners' Diarrhea. Your health care provider may prescribe antibiotics to kill the bacteria. Drink unfiltered or untreated water (often while traveling, hiking or camping). Wash hands and dishes frequently in hot, soapy water. In: Loscalzo J, Fauci A, Kasper D, Hauser S, Longo D, Jameson J. eds. Different Patterns and Associated Factors., Preventing Dehydration When You Have Diarrhea or Vomiting. Clin Colon Rectal Surg. You may need IV fluids or nutrition. She decided she needed to keep getting it out because its her 7 th day with her boyfriend feeling ok then sick again. Hookworms are parasites that affect the small intestine and lungs. What should I avoid? Mayo Clinic Staff. Or your doctor might need to do only asigmoidoscopy, which looks at just the lower colon. Treatment Most cases of acute diarrhea clear on their own within a couple of days without treatment. The procedures of treatment include: Oral Rehydration Saline (ORS) or IV administration of 5% Glucose or 0.9% Normal saline (if fever) or electrolytes. Foods to avoid include: Last medically reviewed on April 18, 2017. If you have a compromised immune system, cryptosporidiosis can cause severe and long-lasting diarrhea, which can be life-threatening. Your risk of having a parasite is higher if you live in or visit an area where parasites are common or where human or animal waste is not treated properly. Healthline only shows you brands and products that we stand behind. 2023 Healthline Media LLC. That could be because they haveirritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or other conditions. Keep an eye on your symptoms. Berberine: Botanical occurrence, traditional uses, extraction methods, and relevance in cardiovascular, metabolic, hepatic, and renal disorders. 5. Another test is the Scotch tape test, which involves applying tape to the anus several times in order to retrieve pinworm eggs, which can be identified under a microscope. Loperamide is one of the best-known anti-diarrheal medicines. Her work is regularly featured in media such as First For Women, Woman's World, and Natural Health. These formulas also come in popsicle preparations. Its estimated that between 576 to 740 million people are infected with hookworms. These harmful microorganisms are usually acquired through the goats' environments, causing bad bouts of scour in goats. HHS launched SOAR in 2014 as a pilot project designed to train health care professionals including MDs, RNs, and other health care providers. Dont drink caffeinated beverages or alcohol. The most important thing you can do is see a healthcare provider right away. The negative economic impact of cattle scours is well known in the $4.3 billion Australian dairy industry. They recommend that you: Some natural medicine providers also suggest a gut cleanse or detox. (2016, February 8). A General Overview of Diarrhea & Dehydration in Dairy & Beef. Untreated, worms may cause complications. Even if you dont have any symptoms, you may find signs of worms in your stool. Our website is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Rouhani S, Salehi N, Kamalinejad M, Zayeri F. Efficacy of Berberis vulgaris aqueous extract on viability of echinococcus granulosus protoscolices. A 2018 paper concluded that probiotics can help decrease the risk of getting a parasite. One was sick with terrible diarrhea which led to weakness not standing then death. This video has been medically reviewed by Casey Gallagher, MD. RT @awkward_1110: Atiya1y #NYCACC #169752 Abandoned in park Treated 4 PARVO.has to find a loving human happy to take good care of her Supportive . Diarrhea in older lambs and kids The most common causes of diarrhea in older lambs and kids are coccidiosis and gastro-intestinal parasites (worms). All rights reserved. Medical attention. Bland, low-fiber, and fermented foods are best. Share your suggestions in the comments below. This article lets you know what foods you can eat, benefits, when to use it. There are no split data available on the proportion of cases that were zoonoses. Complications occur more frequently in older adults and in people who have suppressed immune systems, such as people with HIV/AIDS infection. Once they reproduce and become larger in amount and size, symptoms may appear. Antiprotozoal medications stop protozoa like Cryptosporidium from growing in your body. Intestinal parasites are typically caused by protozoa (single-celled organisms) or helminths (worms and larvae). Vitamins and Supplements to Lower Blood Sugar. See additional information. , yourbowel movements (or stools) are loose and watery. Cryptosporidium is a protozoan parasite a one-celled organism that lives off of animals and people. Yes, cryptosporidiosis is contagious it can spread from person to person, although indirectly. Cruel and Inhuman Treatment: Another name for cruelty, or for the intentional, hostile infliction of physical or mental suffering upon another individual, which is a ground for Divorce in many states. INHUMAN Brutally cruel, devoid of human compassion. Explosive or severe diarrhea usually resolves on its own with self-care. What disinfectant kills Cryptosporidium? Broad-spectrum antibiotics like Oxytetracycline or Gentamycin. Learn what the sight, smell, size, color, and shape of your poop can tell you. But sometimes, they warn of a serious condition. But overall, there is limited research suggesting that herbs can help cleanse parasites if you're already infected. This may include salty broths . Can humans take la300? Infants, older adults, and those with weakened immune systems may develop more severe symptoms. Cryptosporidiosis is an illness you get from the parasite Cryptosporidium. Drinking lots of fluid like broth, water, sports drinks or oral rehydration solutions can help replace the fluid youve lost and prevent life-threatening electrolyte problems. The most important treatment is drinking plenty of fluids to keep hydrated. Scours in humans: an understated risk Authored by SCOURS, or calf diarrhoea, is a widely prevalent and debilitating disease among livestock. They may also cause uncomfortable side effects, such as: In addition, some ingredients could cause harm when ingested in large amounts or interact with other drugs you might be taking. Evaluation of anthelmintic activity and composition of pumpkin (cucurbita pepo L.) seed extracts-In vitro and in vivo studies. Explore lung, breathing and allergy disorders, treatments, tests and prevention services provided by the Cleveland Clinic Respiratory Institute. Losing a lot of fluid can lead to serious complications, including: Bile duct, gallbladder or pancreatic disease are also complications of cryptosporidiosis. Work with animals, particularly farm animals or livestock. 2013;26(6):347-51. doi.org/10.3109/08941939.2013.818746. Of particular interest and relevance to this article is scours caused by the parasite Cryptosporidium. Save the cooked rice for later use. Parasites Cryptosporidium (also known as Crypto). These infections can cause intestinal distress, including diarrhea. Its estimated that there are over 700,000 cases of cryptosporidiosis in the U.S. each year. The definitive criteria for diagnosis include detection of typically stained oocysts (46 mm) using modified Kinyoun acid-fast stain or direct fluorescent antigen, positive immunodiagnostic detection result in faeces or PCR. Dehydration from diarrhea can be fatal in young children and older adults. Leder K, et al. Every one of us can do something to help stop human trafficking. Prevention Rather than having to treat a disease in an animal, it is preferable to prevent it occurring in the first place. Work with animals, particularly farm animals or livestock. 2018;18(1):327. doi:10.1186/s12906-018-2379-2, Grzybek M, Kukula-Koch W, Strachecka A, et al. Naturalmedicine experts say stomach acid may help to protect you from parasites in food. Cryptosporidiosis Outbreaks United States, 20092017. Still, more research is needed before it's clear that the plant itself is a reliable way to treat infections. Intestinal worms increase your risk for anemia and intestinal blockages, as well as malnutrition. Even if some of these elements of a parasitic cleanse are helpful, it's essential that you still use standard treatment to prevent possible complications of the infection. If you have a compromised immune system, its best to avoid public swimming areas and recreational water areas. Digestive Health Team. 2023 Healthline Media LLC. When parasites grow, reproduce, or invade organ systems it results in a parasitic infection in the host. Withholding food for 12 to 24 hours, and providing water in small amounts frequently, can clear the cause of the upset and allow the gastrointestinal tract to settle. Moms advice is still the best for treating diarrhea, Is something in your diet causing diarrhea? By adding 1 tablespoon of apple cider vinegar to each calfs milk bottle twice a day (each feeding), we have virtually eliminated scours. I plan to take her to the hospital. If you have bloody diarrhea, a fever, more than seven days of symptoms, intense abdominal pain, or diarrhea that is getting worse, you should seek medical attention. Some foods irritate the gut, and others trigger food intolerance symptoms. Rust colored or very bloody stools are often associated with infection with Salmonella, coccidia, or Clostridium perfringens. Dysentery is when an intestinal infection causes diarrhea with blood and mucus in the stool. (2021). Here's why. Diarrhea can happen for a wide variety of reasons and it usually goes away on its own in one to three days. Drink plenty of fluids. Recommended management practices for preventing the onset of calf scours include the following: Dehydration resulting from diarrhea can be dangerous and can occur quickly in young children. Whatever the microbial cause of scours, the most effective treatment for a scouring lamb or kid is re-hydration by administering fluids. There are many reasons that can cause diarrhea, including stress, bacteria from foods, environmental toxins, using alcohol, and using medications. Because of the parasites life cycle, your symptoms may go away and then come back. Popular preparations that can be used as home remedies include ginger tea and ginger ale. Its so small that you can only see it with a microscope. Wash, peel or cook fruits and vegetables before eating. When transmission from animal to human is suspected, testing a sample from the affected cattle may allow confirmation of the source of the infection in our patient, the animal sample also returned positive for Cryptosporidium DNA. All rights reserved. Front Pharmacol. Symptoms and Causes. Scours in goats, much like that of humans, are signs that something is wrong in their gastrointestinal tracts, which may be bacterial, viral, or parasitic. A little mucus is commonly found in stools, but if you see more mucus than normal, you may need to consult your doctor. Ascariasis is an infection of Ascaris lumbricoides and affects more than 800,000 million people in the world. While its not a bacterium, it acts like one. abdominal pain or tenderness. Sugary, carbonated, caffeinated, or alcoholic drinks can make diarrhea worse, so be sure to dilute sugary beverages if you drink them. Using a parasite cleanse without first talking to your healthcare provider can have unintended consequences for your health. Prevention and Control of Calf Scour Dr. Mohammed Al-Zubaidi is a Registrar in Intensive Care at North West Regional Hospital, Burnie, Tasmania. Cryptosporidium is one of the major causes of scours and can be transmitted to humans via fecal-oral route, resulting in diarrheal illnesses. Probiotics are microorganisms that can help support the natural community of bacteria in your digestive system. If you're thinking about adding a natural remedy or parasite cleanse to your treatment plan, be aware that the research supporting their use is thin. While most cases resolve on their own, theres a risk of life-threatening complications. You also need to stay hydrated. Having treatment protocols is essential for proper calf care, but the primary goal is always to identify the root of the problem and prevent scours. More serious symptoms of diarrhea include: If you have watery stools more than three times a day and you're not drinking enough fluids, you could become dehydrated. Salmonella can cause vomiting, diarrhea, fever, and abdominal cramps. Include more garlic in your meals. Common types of intestinal worms that can infect humans include: Humans get tapeworms by eating raw or uncooked pork or beef. The details of your poop can provide clues to your state of health. NaN / NaN Back undefined Skip navigation Search Search Sign in. Importantly, the severity of the disease in humans is probably understated. They play an important role in protecting your intestines against infection. Scours is known as "calf scours" or neonatal calf diarrhea. Teach children good hand washing hygiene at a young age. The mortality from infection in severely immunocompromised patients can be as high as 5060%. Binder, H. J., Brown, I., Ramakrishna, B. S., & Young, G. P. (2014, February 22). God bless, Can the person who has been infected with scours give to other people, Do available antibiotics play a role in treating humans. In an animal study published in the International Journal of Molecular Sciences in 2016, researchers found that pumpkin seed extracts lowered the number of parasite eggs and adult parasites in mice. An application of hydrogen peroxide seems to work best. Hechenbleikner EM, et al. Lactose avoidance for young children with acute diarrhoea. Recommended treatments for calf scours: The highest priority in treating scours is to give back to the calf the water and electrolytes that it has lost in scours - this is called fluid therapy. 2005 - 2023 WebMD LLC, an Internet Brands company. Weve all experienced bouts of diarrhea at some point in our lives. The group that ate papaya seed porridge had 63.9% fewer roundworm eggs in their stool after the test. My daughters boyfriend just started bottle feeding calves. S. boulardii may improve antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Make sure you stay hydrated and try to get whatever nutrition you can while youre sick. These can be passed to owners when they stroke their pets or ingested by the animals themselves when they lick their fur.

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