jujube tree root system

Study on the content of polysaccharides in different cultivars, growing periods and organs in Chinese Jujube. Genome-wide identification of CNGC genes in Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) The same depth should be used to plant bare-root trees as in the nursery row (or no more than 1-inch below). This may be due to the increase d water absorption ca pacity of the root system caused by severe . lageniformis Hort. J. First, jujubes can satisfactorily meet the various needs of growers. To date, cultivation technology systems have been established for the leading cultivars in their main growing areas with their own characteristics. Wang, J. et al. Chinese jujube is an important multi-purpose fruit tree in Asia. Jujube (cv. Sin.44, 195196 (2017). 0perennial shoot system in the dormant season, 1primary shoot, 2secondary shoot, 3mother-bearing shoot, 4fruit-bearing shoot, 5inflorescence, 6young fruit, 7longitudinal section of mature fruit, 8stone and kernel, 9the diverse shapes of jujube fruits, 10photograph of fruiting jujube. Plant Genet. Su, C., Liu, X., Yan, C., Bai., X. The fruits of the tetraploids were 3050% larger in size, 47 days earlier to mature and better tasting than diploid fruits. Asian J. Chem.24, 792796 (2012). In vitro plantlets were obtained from the stem segments of root suckers in 198398. PubMedGoogle Scholar. The second is Germplasm Resources of Chinese Jujube10, which recorded 1033 accessions of jujube (Z. jujuba Mill. Zhao, A., Li, D., Wang, Y., Sui, C. & Cao, Y. 48, Book One (Science Press, 1982). Plant Breed.16, 33953400 (2018). J.W. PLoS ONE10, e0127812 (2015). Genome-wide identification and analysis of MAPK and MAPKK gene family in Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.). A total of 23,996 genes (73% of the total annotated genes) were allocated on the 12 pseudochromosomes. Establishment of embryo culture technical system of Chinese jujube (Zizyphus jujuba Mill.). lageniformis Nakai, Z. jujuba Mill. The rate of obtaining hybrids in jujube is usually <0.01% by the traditional crossing approach. The classification system for the Ziziphus genus was proposed based on field investigations, textual research on specimens and historical documents65. When made into glac fruits by boiling in honey and sugar syrup, they resemble Persian dates and are sometimes known as Chinese dates. & Huang, J. Rep.6, 31503 (2016). Change of several nutrients in Jun jujube during drying process. Shi, Q., Liu, P., Liu, M., Wang, J. Pap. Fruit drying technology has gradually changed from traditional natural drying under the sun to dehydration in a drying room or by drying machine129. Yangling: Northwest A&F University (2014). After entering the 21st century, in the desert of southern Xinjiang Province, China, a novel cultivation model for high early yields and high fruit quality was established. Jujube grafting took place 1000 years ago, and the intercropping of jujube with cereal crops had become popular by about 600 years ago. Typical symptoms include witches' broom, small leaves, phyllody and dense root suckers. Univ. Hortic.244, 372378 (2019). & Li, X. Genome-wide identification of AP2/ERF superfamily genes and their expression during fruit ripening of Chinese jujube. Combining comparative genome, transcriptome, and metabolome data, the molecular mechanism underlying the high contents of ascorbic acid (AsA) and sugar in jujube fruit (~100 and 2 times those of apple, respectively) were revealed. Yuan, Z., Lu, Y., Zhao, J. Third, jujube fruit can satisfactorily meet the various needs of marketers. In the Book of Songs, published 3000 YA, it is clearly mentioned that jujubes were already widely cultivated in China. Zhao, Z., Liu, M. & Tu, P. Characterization of water soluble polysaccharides from organs of Chinese Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill. At present, it is one of the main cultivated fruit species, the foremost dried fruit in terms of production, and the main income source of ~20 million farmers in China2,3. The raw fruits are high in vitamin C. Most are varieties of the common jujube (Z. jujuba), native to China, where they have been cultivated for more than 4,000 years. The key techniques included peeling off the seed coat, culturing young embryos together with their endosperm and reverse inoculating young embryos with the chalazal end pointed down on the medium. J. Ningxia Agric. Dongzao. However, until the end of the 20th century, the breeding techniques for Chinese jujube had been mainly focused on selection from seedlings, bud mutants, and local germplasm, even though some new techniques had been incorporated into selection breeding, such as marker-assisted identification and standardized techniques. At present, the jujube industry in China has entered a new era of transformation, upgrading, and globalization150,151. After the beginning of the 21st century, outbreaks of pests and diseases, including Lygocoris lucorum, Euzophera batangensis, Ceratitis capitata, jujube flies, fruit cracking, and fruit shrinking, have become increasingly severe102,110,111,112,113,114. The fruit is particularly rich in nutrients, and its contents of sugar, vitamin C and B, cyclic nucleotide, proline, triterpenic acid, potassium, iron, and zinc are the highest among many fruits9,10 (Table 2). The evaluations have covered morphological, agronomical, cytological, palynological, nutritional, and reproductive biological traits, as well as biotic resistance and abiotic tolerance2,35,36,37. The fruit is also a rich source of polysaccharides, triterpenic acids, flavonoids, alkaloids, polyphenols, and pigments3,4,11. Yan, X., Wang, W., Liu, M., & Zhao, Z. Agrofor Syst 80:117129, Droppelmann KJ, Ephrath JE, Berliner PR (2000) Tree/crop complementarity in an arid zone runoff agroforestry system in northern Kenya. Sugar transport played a more important role than sugar biosynthesis in fruit sugar accumulation during Chinese jujube domestication. Wang, Z., Han, H., Liu, M., Zhang, X. Sin.40, 426432 (2013). et al. To date, more than 95% of jujube production is still concentrated in China, and scientific research on jujube is also mainly carried out in China. This species, 7.6 to 9 metres (25 to 30 feet) high, has alternate, three-veined, elliptical to ovate leaves 2.5 to 7.6 cm (1 to 3 inches) long. Res.17, 307313 (1999). Coll.25, 3033 (2004). However, jujubes and sour jujubes are very closely related, with cross-compatibility and transitional types between them. Juice obtained from the fruits is used in making small candies called jujubes. From 500 CE to 1949, the cultivation of jujube mostly followed traditional methods. var. Farm Prod. The beginning of this period was marked by the founding of the Peoples Republic of China in 1949. J. Agric. Slider with three articles shown per slide. The combination of artificial drying, mechanical cleaning, and automatic sorting can significantly improve the appearance of commercial fruit, increase production efficiency and economic benefits, and reduce losses after harvest. According to the authors investigation in Iran, all the jujube trees that were hundreds of years old were located at key sites on the ancient Silk Road, and Iranian scholars report that the jujube was introduced from China. PubMed & Liu, M. Simultaneous determination of four water-soluble vitamins in Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) Stnic, F. & Vasile, S. A. Chinese datea new promising fruit plant for Romania southern areas. On the other hand, the lignification of bearing shoots changes the deciduous habit of bearing shoots and increases the pruning labor costs. Four generations of polyploid induction techniques using colchicine as the main mutagen have been developed for jujube, i.e., in vivo apical bud induction71, in vitro apical or lateral bud induction72, in vitro callus/embryo induction73 and in vivo callus induction74. After the beginning of the 21st century, much more attention was paid to intensive processing that highlights the characteristic nutrients of jujube. Technol.37, 916 (2017). Spatial distribution of root length density (RLD, cm 125 cm) in a jujube trees grown alone for 5 years, b 5-year-old jujube trees intercropped with wheat, c jujube tree grown alone for 7 . Resour.10, 121125 (2009). J. In August 2010 (the jujube tree fruit setting period), shovels were used to excavate one trench for each age of stand, measuring 6 m length (three . Liu, M. Advances in taxonomy study on the genus Ziziphus. It . Zhang, F., Wang, J., Li, F., Liu, Z. Shen, C., Jia, S., Zheng, X., Tang, Z. How to Grow a Jujube Tree. Food Sci.37, 8385 (2012). Liu, P., Peng, J., Peng, S., Zhou, J. The ethylene and ABA pathways are involved in regulating jujube fruit ripening30,31. Propagation is by seeds, although the commercial varieties must be propagated vegetatively by suckers, root cuttings, or grafting. Biotechnol.94, 123129 (2019). Shanxi. Moreover, fundamental, applied, developmental, and broad-scale visual research should be highly integrated. sending out suckers 30' feet away) so my main question is this: Are the roots strong enough to move/. A series of gene families and metabolisms responsive to phytoplasma infection were studied, showing that photosynthetic, carbohydrate, and energy metabolism play crucial roles during phytoplasma infection33 and that the MAPK-WRKY pathway is responsive to phytoplasma stress23,24,32. Sci.24, 487491 (2007). Yang, X. et al. & Ma, Z. Around 79.9 million years ago, jujube diverged from the families Moraceae and Cannabaceae12. Design and practice of emasculation-free cross breeding in Chinese jujube. in Hetian, south Xinjiang province, northwest China. Competition for nitrogen and litter decomposition dynamics. Mengjun Liu. J. However, there is little information about the response of jujube roots to the change from flood irrigation to drip . High-density planting and protected cultivation systems have also been applied commercially after the beginning of the 21st century. Several high-density genetic linkage maps have been constructed based on segregation populations of JMS2Xing16, DongzaoLinyilizao, DongzaoJinsi 4, and DongzaoYinshanhong17,90,91,92. 3). High-efficiency management systems for the main diseases and pests in jujube mentioned above have been established in China3,46,103. The modern jujube industry development period (1949present). Compd.43, 374376 (2007). It is expected to become one of the most promising fruit trees in the arid and semiarid regions of the world. Bot. Peng, Y. Propagating jujubes. & Gao, W. Genetic relationship of Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba) and sour jujube (Z. spinosa) based on RAPD markers. The joint map across the 12 linkage groups (the same as the basic chromosome number in jujube) spanned 1020.22cM, with a mean marker distance of 0.32cM. Fresh keeping and changes in some physiological indexes of Chinese Dongzao jujube (Zizyphus jujuba Mill.) Chin. The first is China Fruit Tree Records-Jujube, mentioned above. & Liu, M. A high-efficiency regeneration system for immature embryo of Ziziphus jujuba Dongzao at very early stage. during cool-storage. Genetic diversity and population structure of sour jujube, Ziziphus acidojujuba. To date, a total of ~930 jujube genotypes have been preserved, accounting for at least 90% of the total jujube genotypes in the world. Google Scholar, Bhm W (1979) Methods of studying root systems. Genome size variation within species of Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) Research on jujube cultivation technology has a long history that includes fruitful achievements and has played an important role in promoting the jujube industry. Food Compos. Jujube is difficult to keep fresh. (China Forestry Publishing House, 2013). Li, C. Dormant Characteristic and Temperature Management Investigation Analysis of Zizyphus Jujuba Mill. More farmers in China now graft or bud onto seedling rootstocks. Plant J.2, 147153 (2016). and cotton plants (Gossypium hirsutum L.). PLoS Genet.12, e1006433 (2016). Huang, W., Wang, S. & Guo, H. Advances on cutting propagation techniques of Chinese jujube. At 7240 years ago, the domestication of jujube trees started1. Scientific Debates Cluj-Horticulture XX, UAMV Cluj-Napoca, 236238 (1997). (2) High-efficiency breeding technology systems for optimizing and upgrading the cultivar and rootstock structure: integrating the precise identification and utilization of excellent germplasm and the comprehensive application of innovative breeding approaches with rapid evaluation and screening methods; establishing high-efficiency propagation systems for transplant shock-free large nursery plants by integrating the use of containerized seedling production, industrial tissue culture rapid propagation, and micrografting153; registering, protecting and promoting newly released varieties worldwide; and including the top varieties in Club propagation, production, and commercialization systems, following experience in apple, kiwi fruit, etc.

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