Bent steel posts attest to the brute force of the F5 tornado that slammed into Wheatland May 31, 1985. The night of May 31, 1985 started a lifelong fascination inme with extreme weather, especially knowing that the F5 tornado had started on the easternend of my hometown. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Injuries were in the hundreds. "TORNADO!" Note the dewpoint temperature of 71 at Bradford, PA! This process continued from 4pm to about 8pm resulting in serious tornado activity across the entire Erie WSO warning area. The former Peter J. Schmitt Co. and Golden Dawn stores donated 100 cases each of paper towels, personal care items, diapers and canned vegetables. I also remember hearing about the possible threat for severe weather from the local TV Mets during the day. The tornado moved across the northwestern tip of Crawford County and then entered Erie County near Pennside. One station I was updating was WKZA in Kane, a daytime only AM station (it no longer exists). It is described as a "possible" F5. Multiple locations were found. The cold front would later provide the trigger for explosive supercell thunderstorm development. It had a textbook hook echo, something I had only seen in textbooks up until that time. State College, PA328 Innovation Blvd, Suite 330State College, PA 16803(814)954-6440Comments? The fast eastward movement of the cold front is an indication of how strong (fast) winds aloft were blowing that day. Arriving for shift around3:45Central Time, departing lead forecaster Steve Weiss (now Chief of the Science Support Branch at the SPC) briefed us that a tornado watch recently had been issued for parts of Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New York. The Tri-State Tornado of March 25, 1925. 1985: A Tornado Goes Through the Neighborhood! **(With - YouTube This tornado is only listed as an F5 by the NCDC Technical Memorandum, and is not listed at all by Grazulis or any other sources, and is therefore a possible typographical error in the memorandum. Around 10pm, during one of the top-of-the-hour commercial and news breaks, the top story was that there had been deadly tornadoes earlier that evening in Ohio and Pennsylvania, though details remained sketchy at that point. The Allegheny National Forest has recovered as the downed trees were harvested and new trees have grown to replace them. This storm was headed directly for our office, but it collapsed and died completely before reaching the PA border with OH. A restaurant was leveled, and cars in the parking lot were thrown up to 300yd (900ft) away from where they originated. It was in the early evening on thatFridaynight and I was at a friends house when we noticed that the sky had gotten very dark and the wind had increased dramatically. It splintered houses and dropped crushed cars and ribbons of sheet metal for miles. Tornadoes in Pennsylvania since 1950 - York Daily Record Retrieved from: https://www.weather.gov/ctp/TornadoOutbreak_May311985#MeteorologyM. From that point on through the evening, weather conditions worsened. We were unable to track a subsequent, deadly tornado that roared through the Elimsport/Watsontown areas. After leaving Kane we flew westerly over another tornados path which hit the Tionesta Scenic and Natural Area and the Hickory Creek Wilderness Area, both of which are located in the Allegheny National Forest. Leduc, O. Jacobsen and B. Greer (Winter 1986). But what causes that to happen? I turned around when a lightning bolt struck close to my car. They made an about-face when reports of a second twister came in less than two hours later. For the next three hourswe called the radio stations we serviced in northwestern PA and went live on the air. Back in State College, interest focused on tracking a large supercell on radar that was paralleling I-80. It's quite a privilege and honor to be entrusted by the public in this way (my research is primarily sponsored by the National Science Foundation and NOAA, i.e., taxpayer dollars). The F3 across Big Beaver and into Butler County touched down at about the exact same time as the F4 in Moshannon State Forest around 7:35 PM. Greg Forbes recalled that an outbreak had been expected, but no one expected this. A carport was carried intact to the north while the rest of the house was destroyed with the foundation swept clean. A cold front extended south from the low across the western Great Lakes and then through Illinois and Missouri. Paul drove north from State College to chase the Moshannon State Forest tornado. Several other tornadoes have also been documented as possibly attaining this status, though they are not officially rated as such. This massive tornado swept away or leveled 235 out of 247 structures, more than 90% of the town, killing or injuring a third of the population. I will never forget seeing the isolated supercell responsible for the Moshannon tornado as it moved steadily east across the Allegheny Plateau, and trying to determine if it would remain north of Centre County and Penn State. High 46F. It can be a scary experience when . By the next morning, however, the carnage was widely known throughout the state and country. At the time of the call, I did not know who Greg was, or that he had been one of the few PhD candidates of Dr Ted Fujita. In Ohio, this was the worst event since the April 3-4th, 1974 outbreak that killed 37 in Xenia (NWS, 2019). A total of 59 tornadoes have been rated this intensity since 1950. Getting something as big as far east as you is really hard, he said. Each severe weather report seemed worse than the one before it. F5 tornadoes were estimated to have had maximum winds between 261mph (420km/h) and 318mph (512km/h). Winds WSW at 10 to 20 mph. I interviewed many folks and heard story after story after incredible story. Frankly, all we had was afax with very blurry pictures of perfect hook echoes and the latest severe weather statements and tornadowarnings from the National Weather Service. After the F5 tornado hit on April 3, 1974, ten sirens were installed across the area. 1974 Xenia tornado - Wikipedia 'Mr. Tornado,' in one of history's greatest detective feats, measured Rain showers early will evolve into a more steady rain for the afternoon. The air felt like water-vapor soup. There wasalso plenty of low level moisture coming up the Ohio Valley. These were some of the deadliest tornadoes in Pa. history Many other tornadoes have never been formally rated by an official government source but have nonetheless been described as F5/EF5/T10+ or equivalent, often by independent studies. Heavy wet snow on the backside of this storm could accumulate up to two feet through Monday across northern Wisconsin and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. Tragically, these tornadoes killed 66 people in Ohio and Pennsylvania. The house was just a few blocks from the ballfield where Dave Kostka lost his life saving two youngsters. Videos courtesy of Henry Margusity and Jesse Ferrell, Accuweather Meteorologists. The rain and wind continued for another 45 minutes to one hour. tornadoes officially rated F4/EF4 or equivalent, FlintWorcester tornado outbreak sequence, May 1957 Central Plains tornado outbreak sequence, Tornado outbreak sequence of December 1820, 1957, 1985 United States-Canadian tornado outbreak, 2011 FyffeRainsvilleSylvaniaIder, Alabama/Rising Fawn, Georgia tornado, 2011 HintonEl RenoPiedmontGuthrie, Oklahoma tornado, March 1952 Southern United States tornado outbreak, Tornado outbreak sequence of May 2126, 2011, Late-May 1998 tornado outbreak and derecho, Tornado outbreak sequence of May 2226, 2016, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, List of F4 and EF4 tornadoes (2020present), List of tornadoes striking downtown areas, "Top ten weather stories for 2007: Canada's First F5 Tornado", "A Multiscale Overview of the el Reno, Oklahoma, Tornadic Supercell of 31 May 2013", "Supercell tornadoes are much stronger and wider than damage-based ratings indicate", "F5 and EF5 Tornadoes of the United States", "1998-1999 Tornadoes and a Long-Term U.S. Tornado Climatology", "T. Theodore Fujita: His Contribution to Tornado Knowledge through Damage Documentation and the Fujita Scale", Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 10.1175/1520-0477(2001)000<0063:TTFHCT>2.3.CO;2, "Beschreibung des Orcans, welcher den 29. This sounding is quite impressive for a late-May morning and quite favorable for tornadoes. North American Surface Analysis: Surface Analysis 12Z Friday May 31, 1985. Each red triangle is the location of a tornado that caused EF5 or F5 damage. TOWARDS THE EAST AT 35 MPH. Silver Spring, MD. On May 31, 1985, many Pennsylvania residents faced injury, property damage, and even death due to a huge tornado outbreak, the largest and most intense tornado outbreak ever to hit this area of the country. Two farm complexes were completely swept away. What he saw in storm surveys was almost unimaginable. Wheatland was more industrial, residential and had experienced a F5 tornado. At 4:20 PM SELS issued the tornado watch 211, valid at 5pm. Most of these tornadoes occurred prior to 1950, before tornadoes were rated according to standardized damage assessments, and their unofficial classifications as F5/EF5/T10+ or equivalent have been made in retrospect, largely on the basis of photographic analysis and eyewitness accounts. May 31, 1985 Tornado Outbreak - Pennsylvania Highways After graduating from PSU, I attended the University of Oklahoma for graduate school (1996-2000), where I studied tornadogenesis, and since 2001, I've been back at PSU as a professor now making a living studying tornado formation. I attended PSU for a B.S. Many casualties. Severe Weather 101: Tornado FAQ - NOAA National Severe Storms Laboratory Office severe weather training presentation. It mowed down just about every tree in the forests, in a path more than a mile wide at times, and stacking fallen trees atop each other piled 10 feet high.. Only about 20% of those supercells spawn tornadoes, and scientists arent sure why some do and some dont. Summer president Brian Orzel updated all of the CWSs radio stations with tornado watch information hours before the storms hit. The increasing wind speed with height and change in direction, known as wind shear, is what helps thunderstorms to rotate and be capable of producing significant tornadoes. May 31, 1985 was a Friday during the period between spring semester and summer session, but many graduate students remained in town working. The next day I was at work at WNEP-TV when a viewer called thinking a tornado had crossed his property. Hundreds were left homeless. In fact, since May 31, 1985, only two tornado days have been deadlier in the entire United States. Each year, more than 2,000tornadoes are recorded worldwide, with the vast majority occurring in North America and Europe. Hermitage, Pennsylvania Ryan Alfredo 353 subscribers 209K views 11 years ago HERMITAGE My Father, Ron Alfredo, filmed this rare video of a huge F5 tornado on Brian Ln, in Hermitage,. CLEM MARION | Herald fileA splintered wood-frame house lies on its side in Wheatland after being hit by the May 31, 1985, tornado that tore through the borough. I said to my boss "you never know what's going to happen when it gets like this." Gregg did extensive aerial photography of the 1985 tornado event. pic.twitter.com/61pK1ZSbT6. Philadelphia County has had 12 tornadoes since 1958. In der Geschichte von Nebraska hat nur ein einziger Tornado einen Rekord von mehr als 100 Todesopfern: der Omaha-F5-Tornado am 23. National Weather Service Weather Link copied to clipboard A tornado outbreak killed 64 people in Pennsylvania 35 years ago. At any rate, I immediately decided I wanted to be a meteorologist. Marine BULLETIN ACTIVATE EBS TORNADO WARNING NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE ERIE PA 620 PM EDT FRI MAY 31 1985 EXPIRES 700 PM MAY 31 1985COUNTIES AFFECTED PA ERIE AND CRAWFORDTHE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN ERIE HAS ISSUED A TORNADO WARNING UNTIL 700 PM FOR THESE COUNTIES IN NORTHWESTERN PENNSYLVANIA SOUTHERN ERIE AND NORTHERN CRAWFORD.AT 620 PM ERIE WEATHER RADAR SHOWS NEW TORNADOS ON THE GROUND WEST OF ALBION AND CONNEAUTVILLE PENNA. From that day on, my career path began to move towards Meteorology. National Weather Service A large ranch home and farms were swept away. As we were running back and forth between the teletype and radar rooms to the telephone to make calls to the radio stations we were dodging carpet cleaning equipment. Twenty-one tornadoes tracked across Northeast Ohio and Northwest Pennsylvania during the evening of May 31st. EMLs act as a lid in the atmosphere, stopping convection from occurring unless the lid can be removed or sufficient lift is present. This following two figures from Markowski show 1, the presence of the EML in the 7pm May 31st Pittsburgh sounding and 2, the formation and subsequent migration of the EML across the United States. At the same time, conditions in the upper atmosphere continued to become more favorable for an outbreak of severe weather. Submit a Storm Report This list includes tornadoes with possible F5 or EF5 damage indicated by the National Weather Service as well as tornadoes with possible F5/EF5 damage by other branches of the United States government, tornado experts (i.e. The diverse air masses clearly have a whole lot to do with igniting the supercell thunderstorms that are the source of some of the most dangerous tornadoes, but indicting those ingredients alone would be a gross oversimplification, according to the Storm Prediction Center. There were so many warnings the teletype got backed up a good 10-15 minutes. The orange shading in the following 850 mb chart (from Markowski) shows where winds were greater than 40Kts (46MPH). As you can see from this GOES satellite image, the storm covered much of the region and was concentrated mainly over . October 1985. 3, 2006 40th Anniversary of the Candlestick Park Tornado", "Tornado Plows Horrible Swath; 60 Known Dead", "Washburn university Devastation and Recovery", "A list of the top 10 worst tornadoes in Texas history", "ERRORS, ODDITIES and ARTIFACTS in U.S. TORNADO DATA, 19952021", "From domestic to international: Tornadoes around the world | United States Tornadoes", "April 3-4, 1974 Limestone County Tornado Damage", "The Forgotten F5: The Lawrence County Supercell During the Middle Tennessee Tornado Outbreak of 16 April 1998", "Top 10 Weather Events in the 20th Century For Alabama", "March 26, 1976 F-5 SPIRO OKLAHOMA TORNADO", "Tornado Outbreak of May 31, 1985 - Pictures", "Kansas twister might be the strongest ever recorded", "The Fort Scott Tribune - Google News Archive Search", "Kansas tornado survivors take 'shelter from the stormy blast', "Chandler-Lake Wilson Minnesota F5 Tornado of June 16, 1992 - Figure 6", "Oakfield, Wisconsin Tornado Storm report", "Jarrell, Texas Tornado Damage - May 27, 1997", "Warning Response and Risk Behavior in the Oak Grove - Birmingham, Alabama, Tornado of 08 April 1998", "The Great Plains Tornado Outbreak of May 3-4, 1999 - Storm A Information", "Storm Events Database - Event Details - National Centers for Environmental Information", "Discriminating EF4 and EF5 Tornado Damage", https://ams.confex.com/ams/pdfpapers/141718.pdf, Elie Tornado Upgraded to Highest Level on Damage Scale: Canada's First Official F5 Tornado, "Details of the Parkersburg Storm Damage Survey", https://ams.confex.com/ams/pdfpapers/141533.pdf, "Neshoba/Kemper/Winston/Noxubee Counties Tornado", "NWS Southern Region News - Smithville, Mississippi EF5 Tornado Damage", "The Smithville, MS EF-5 Tornado April 27, 2011", "Hackleburg (Marion County) EF-5 Tornado April 27, 2011", "Franklin (AL) / Lawrence / Morgan / Limestone / Madison / Franklin (TN) EF-5", "National Weather Service Huntsville, AL - DeKalb County Survey Information", "National Weather Service Springfield, MO - Event Review - May 22, 2011", "New Engineering Study Finds No EF5 Damage in Joplin - weather.com", "Supplemental Damage Indicators Discovered in Recent Strong Tornadoes", "Performance of residences and shelters in the Oklahoma tornadoes of 24 May 2011", "Tornado B2 - The Calumet-El Reno-Piedmont-Guthrie Tornado of May 24, 2011", "Some Considerations for the Use of High-Resolution Mobile Radar Data in Tornado Intensity Determination", "Damage Survey and Analysis of the 20 May 2013 Newcastle-Moore, OK, EF-5 Tornado (Presentation)", "Damage Survey and Analysis of the 20 May 2013 Newcastle-Moore, OK, EF-5 Tornado", "May 21, 1952 F4 MississippiTennessee Event", "Tornado Death Toll Reaches 4 At Primrose", "1984 Ivanovo tornado outbreak: Determination of actual tornado tracks with satellite data", 10.1175/1520-0493(2003)131<2197:TKTDVD>2.0.CO;2, https://www.weather.gov/media/ama/amator_dbase.xlsx, "Tornado Talk Podcast Episode 18: Nightmare in Northwood", "The Washington-Goldsby Tornado of May 24, 2011", "CASE STUDY: Severe Thunder Storms and Bucca Tornado, 29th November 1992", "Oklahoma-size tornado hits unpopulated Hill Country - Amarillo.com - Amarillo Globe-News", "Storm Data and Unusual Phenomenon-May 1999", "F5 Tornadoes: The Chronology Part III", "The Chickasha-Blanchard-Newcastle Tornado of May 24, 2011", "National Weather Service Staff Looks Back on the Tenth Anniversary of March 2nd 2012", "Life Cycle of the Union City, Oklahoma Tornado and Comparison with Waterspouts", 10.1175/1520-0493(1978)106<0003:LCOTUC>2.0.CO;2, "Violent Tornadoes (F4/F5/EF-4/EF-5) in Oklahoma (1950-Present)", "The 30 May 1998 Spencer, South Dakota, Storm. In spring 1993 I had the opportunity to drive through the path of the Moshannon tornado with fellow Penn Stater and NWS forecaster Bill Gartner. We plotted and analyzed surface charts andSkew-Ts by hand on a daily basis. Still, the weather pattern appeared prime for severe storms to break out in Ohio/Western Pennsylvania later in the day. My mother took me and my brother to the library regularly during the summer. It was relatively cool, humid, and cloudy; Harrisburg was northeast of the surface warm front. TORRO rated the tornado T10. Only one F5 tornado has ever landed on the city. This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. My father always listened to the scanner at night and his room was across from mine. Much of the nations land is uninhabited or un-built-upon. Cochranton, Cherry Tree, Cooperstown and Tionesta were also hard hit. That was the end of the convection for the evening and just as suddenly as the event started, it was over. The wind took him away, but the youngsters were spared. My parents decided to take my sister and I to view the damagetwo days later to stop the incessant questioning from me, hoping it would sober me up. More than 10 tornadoes touched down in Ontario. Additional Links. The staff routinely plotted the Pittsburgh RAOB [upper air observations collected via a weather balloon] at 12z and 00z and hung them on the wall at the office. A tornado outbreak killed 64 people in Pennsylvania 35 years ago. We The Ohio-Pennsylvania Tornadoes of May 31, 1985. Unseasonably warm and humid air moved northward into Pennsylvania and much of the eastern U.S. ahead of the cold front, setting the stage for strong thunderstorms and tornadoes. I peppered my parents with questions the rest of the night about tornadoes. I was much more interested in baseball than weather then, though we recently completed a weather unit in school in which tornadoes were among the topics. The deadliest of the tornadoes rated an F4 with winds of 207 to 260 mph swept eastward after 5 p.m. across southern Crawford County from the Linesville and Jamestown area, down the hill from Rocky Glen Cemetery, across state Route 18 near Adamsville, along Baird Road, through the village of Atlantic and onward into Venango County. Storm Events Database. "If I'm going to die, I'm not going to die alone," I said to myself, and off I ran to my neighbor's home. I lived in Camp Hill, just west of Harrisburg, so I was too far southeast to experience the storms firsthand. In the years that followed, I got to spend some time with Greg at various American Meteorological Society conferences, and we often talked about the wild night of May 31st in 1985. According to the NWS Cleveland, OH (2019), research has shown that this signature on a Skew-T is a good indicator of significant severe weather. This might have been the same tornado that struck north of Tionesta but I am not sure. Of the 59 tornadoes in the United States, 50 are officially rated F5 on the original Fujita scale (with dates of occurrence between May 11, 1953, and May 3, 1999), and nine are officially rated EF5 on the Enhanced Fujita scale (with dates of occurrence between May 4, 2007, and May 20, 2013). My hometown was Ravenna, OH and Iremember playing ball outside with my sister in our yard and wondering why it was so hot andhumid. SKYWARN THE TORNADO WATCH IS ALONG AND70 STATUTE MILES SOUTHWEST OF AKRON OHIO TO 20MILES SOUTH OF ROCHESTER NEW YORK. The 4:33 PM radar observation indicated that two cells had fired in Ashtabula County, OH, just west of Erie County, PA. Hearing a deafening sound like a train. About then the bell started ringing in the teletype room as each new tornado warning was issued. The outlook from SELS [now the Storm Prediction Center] was a moderate risk of severe storms and tornadoes. The 300mb level is about 30,000 feet above the ground. One F5 tornado hit Wheatland, PA and it remained the only F5 to hit east of the Mississippi River until 2011. Weather Prediction Center Dr. Greg Forbes (then Penn State faculty and my thesis advisor; now Severe Weather Expert for The Weather Channel) was operating the radar and calling in observations to the National Weather Service in Pittsburgh. Working during the outbreak and witnessing the aftermath helped shape my future career as a broadcast meteorologist. Disaster aid poured in. The cell speed of the storms was from the west at about 50 knots. According to NOAA (2019), the F5 tornado killed 18 people, injured 310 and caused $750 million dollars in damage. I remember remarking thatthis is the same forecast problem they have in Oklahoma. On June 3rd, the Federal Government declared a state of emergency for the state of Pennsylvania. Produced possible F5 damage over farmland north of Martin according to Grazulis. The wind profile captured by the Pittsburgh, PA sounding at 7am (12Z) Friday, May 31, shows a classic veering of winds with height, from southeasterly at the surface turning to southerly to southwesterly then westerly at mid and upper levels. The Allegheny National Forest experienced a large amount of valuable timber loss from these two tornadoes. During the rain and wind event it suddenly dawned on me that as State Representative, perhaps I had responsibilities and people might expect me to make sure that the state government agencies were doing all they could to assist people and communities. The low tracked across the northern Great Lakes during the afternoon, while the cold front progressed eastward across Indiana and western Ohio. The increasing stream of reports made it difficult to maintain situational awareness of ongoing meteorological developments as the night progressed. In fact, a few were throwing a party that night. 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Pennsylvania Highways: May 31, 1985 Tornado Outbreak May 31, 1985 Tornado Outbreak The end of May is a great time for a kid, as I was in that fifth month of 1985. I have never seen a sounding in Pittsburgh look so bad. That storm, believed to have stayed on the ground for 47 miles, registered winds between 261 and 318 mph and was considered the most violent of the 43. The scale ranks tornadoes from F0 to F5, with F0 being the least intense and F5 being the most intense. In 1987 we went on a family picnic with him to Parker Dam and he took me on a little road trip through Moshannon State Park. Video of F5 tornado that affected Trumbull and. THUNDERSTORMS IN AND CLOSE TO THE WATCH AREA. This is a map and list of tornadoes since 1950 which the National Weather Service has rated F5 (before 2007) or EF5 (equivalent, 2007 onward, the most intense damage category on the Fujita and Enhanced Fujita damage scales. The Herald (2015). I drew on that experience numerous times in the decades ahead, mostly in storm-prone central Illinois. W. VA By the end of the evening, a total of forty-one tornadoes had occurred in the United States and Canada. Noted as "possibly F5" by Grazulis. Nineteen buildings on two farms reportedly "vanished". That summer experience exposed me to careers in scientific research; I realized for the first time that I could actually make a living studying tornadoes. It just felt unusual to me that day, so much so that I actually noticed it while we wereplaying catch. Tragically, the tornadoes hit where people live. [17] Grazulis' work has identified 16 additional F5 tornadoes between 1950 and 1995, with four later being accepted by the NCDC.[15]. 1985: A Tornado Goes Through the Neighborhood! Hermitage, Pennsylvania Pennsylvania, one day after a tornado struck May 31, 1985, killing 12 people and leaving 25 missing. Tornado track of tornado outbreak on May 31, 1985 (NWS, 2019). In Figure 2, we can see a warm front advecting northward across Ontario and a cold front moving eastward (entering Michigan). Quoting the original survey report produced by NOAA in 1985, perhaps the lesson to be learned from the 1985 outbreak is that under the proper atmospheric conditions, major tornadoes can occur irrespective of the location or terrain. Then-Gov. Nothing like it has occurred so far removed from the prime tornado zones since, and the Philadelphia region in all likelihood would not see anything similar, Brooks said. We pondered these ideas as we briefed the incomingmidnightshift. Lots and lots and lots of sirens. The pastor of our church, Pastor Samuel Geer, was from Corry, PA and was very grateful that no one in his hometown was killed or injured.
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