battles in pennsylvania during the civil war

Union and Confederate forces attack one another in turn, both attacks fail. Union forces repel Confederate attempt to capture island. Both opposing commanders recognized that a Confederate success on the Federal right would jeopardize Meades position by threatening his line of communication along the Baltimore Pike. Union forces take control of road, but withdraw after battle. There were only two major Civil War battles in Pennsylvania. Rebels forced to withdraw after battle. Pittsburgh industries collectively manufactured 10 percent of the total U.S. wartime production of artillery projectiles. Confederate victory in Florida prevents the capture of Tallahassee. By the end of the first day, total casualties already amounted to some 15,500 killed, wounded, captured, or missing. The assault, known as Picketts Charge, managed to pierce the Union lines but eventually failed at the cost of thousands of rebel casualties. Confederate army slips away after four week siege near site of decisive Revolutionary War battle. For lists of battles organized by campaign and theater, see the list below: Some battles have more than one name; e.g., the battles known in the North as Battle of Antietam and Second Battle of Bull Run were referred to as the Battle of Sharpsburg and the Battle of Manassas, respectively, by the South. Union forces defeat Confederates under "Stonewall" Jackson. Carter's Company Hardwicke's Company (Lee Battery), Grandy's Company (Norfolk Light Artillery Blues), R.M. Union repulsed, Union commander later court-martialed for disobeying orders. Furthermore, he joined volunteer militias and led black troops into battle. Union troops repulse attempt to recapture Baton Rouge. Five Ellet -class rams were converted from civilian towboats at Pittsburgh. On July 4, Lee began withdrawing his army toward Williamsport on the Potomac River. ", Binder, Frederick M. "Pennsylvania Negro Regiments in the Civil War. 477. Gen. H. Judson Kilpatrick [US]; Maj. Gen. J.E.B. Confederate forces retreated after constant Naval bombardments. Pro-Confederate Missouri State Guard defeat pro-Union Missouri Home Guard at Cole Camp, Confederates repulse the Union attack and kill Commander. Old Dominion, Industrial Commonwealth: Coal, Politics, and Economy in Antebellum America. During the retreat on the night of July 4-5, 1863, Civil War came to South Mountain in what is known as the Battle of Monterey Pass. Confederates repel Union raiders attacking the station. The American Battlefield Protection Program (ABPP) was established within the United States National Park Service to classify the preservation status of historic battlefield land. Union Navy bombarded Donaldsonville with no resistance. By dawn Meades troops had occupied a line along Culps Hill, Cemetery Hill, and Cemetery Ridge. American Indian Wars: Shoshone forces massacred by Union troops. "Pennsylvania and Virginia Germans during the Civil War: A Brief History and Comparative Analysis. Fewer than 15,000 troops, led by a division under George Pickett, would be tasked with marching some three-quarters of a mile across open fields to attack dug-in Union infantry positions. Union forces defeat the 5th Texas Mounted Volunteers. Erik J. Engstrom; Samuel Kernell (27 October 2014). Over the next several hours, bloody fighting raged along Sickles line, which stretched from the nest of boulders known as Devils Den into a peach orchard, as well as in a nearby wheat field and on the slopes of Little Round Top. Confederates are flanked and forced to retreat. Confederate forces captured from a rear attack. Confederate raid results in civilian casualties, including a. first of two Union attempts to take Ft. Wagner. It was the Battle of Gettysburg, which took place on July 1 through 3, 1863, in southern Pennsylvania. Another battle, not far from the bloody fields and smoke-veiled ridges of Gettysburg, would redefine the identity of a struggling university and reveal the promise of higher education to a new generation of Americans. Ewell declined to order the attack, considering the Federal position too strong; his reticence would earn him many unfavorable comparisons to the great Stonewall. Description: Maj. Gen. Jeb Stuarts cavalry, which was riding north to get around the Union army, attacked a Union cavalry regiment, driving it through the streets of Hanover. Tactical draw. All articles are regularly reviewed and updated by the HISTORY.com team. Caught from all sides, barely half of the Confederates survived, and Picketts division lost two-thirds of its men. During the morning of July 3, the Confederate infantry were driven from their last toe-hold on Culps Hill. In the largest battle fought between Confederate and Black troops, after nearly two days of close combat, the Confederates were defeated in their attempt to raise the siege of Vicksburg. That night, taking advantage of a heavy rain, he started retreating to Virginia through the South Mountain passes. June 9, 1863- Battle of Brandy Station, Virginia. Thomas attacks and virtually destroys Hood's Confederate Army of Tennessee. Rosecrans is victorious over Price near Mississippi town. Governor Andrew G. Curtin assembled this meeting; its purpose was to discuss strategy, troop quotas, and the Union. Fort Wagner falls to the Union; Confederates still hold Charleston and Fort Sumter. [1] Numerous more minor engagements and skirmishes were also fought in Pennsylvania during the 1863 Gettysburg Campaign, as well as the following year during a Confederate cavalry raid that culminated in the burning of much of Chambersburg, Pennsylvania. The Pennsylvania State Archives holds many records relating to the American Civil War, 1861-1865. Please read the, This website uses cookies and third party services. The Federals resisted on both fronts until about 2:30, but an attack by Gen. Jubal Earlys division against the northeast flank of the XI Corps led to collapse of their entire position. Indecisive cavalry battle during Civil War. Confederate forces are caught off guard by. Banks Union Red River Campaign halted by the Confederates. Longstreet was unenthusiastic about the invasion of Pennsylvania and advocated forcing the Federal army to attack. Beginning in May 1863, the Provost Marshal's General Bureau administered the draft from Washington, DC, and pertinent records will be found in Record Group 110 at the National Archives. Confederate forces delay the Union advance on Little Rock. Longstreet, on the other hand, contended that Lee should make Meade attack. Union forces besieged Confederate positions, but the Confederates held their ground. Union victory. Stonewall Jackson, was mortally wounded at Chancellorsville. 1:34. Battles of the American Civil War were fought between April 12, 1861, and May 1213, 1865 in 19 states, mostly Confederate (Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, Virginia, and West Virginia[A]), the District of Columbia, and six territories (Arizona Territory (also Confederate Arizona)[B], Colorado Territory, Dakota Territory, Indian Territory (present-day Oklahoma), New Mexico Territory, and Washington Territory), as well as naval engagements. January 5 - U.S. The Bethlehem Iron Works produced railroad rails and armor plating for the U.S. Navy's ships. Party Ballots, Reform, and the Transformation of America's Electoral System. Union forces attack Confederate rearguard, but darkness cuts the attack short. Part of Red River Campaign in Arkansas, black troops massacred. The Draft Riots caused a strain on the Union army, and vast amounts of corruption within the draft began to spread from New York to the frontlines. Confederates were ambushed; Camden Point is scorched. The National Civil War Museum in Harrisburg is one of the country's leading interpretive sites for the Civil War. Abraham Lincoln at the dedication of the National Cemetery at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, in and around where the Battle of Gettysburg was fought. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. "From Harvest Field to Battlefield: Rural Pennsylvania Women and the US Civil War. JHU Press. Hill and Ewell were to make secondary attacks. January 3 - Georgia state troops seize Fort Pulaski. You can experience the home for . 20 June 1863. [9][10], Most of the new Pennsylvania regiments were organized and trained at sprawling Camp Curtin near Harrisburg, as well as thousands of soldiers from other states. I, Diary, 1864 (MG 7) (microfilm roll #3879), William Jackson Palmer, 1822-1948 (Civil War) (microfilm rolls #1555-1575), G.L. Other battles in the American Indian Wars, Names of the American Civil War Names of battles and armies, Eastern Theater of the American Civil War, Western Theater of the American Civil War, Trans-Mississippi Theater of the American Civil War, Pacific Coast Theater of the American Civil War, Lower Seaboard Theater of the American Civil War, Category:Battles of the American Civil War, List of costliest American Civil War land battles, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War, "Last stand: Battle for Broxton Bridge reenactment draws hundreds of students, spectators", "First Session of the Second Wheeling Convention", "West Virginians Approve the Willey Amendment", Spreadsheet of over 5,000 Civil War battles and incidents, List of Union Civil War monuments and memorials, List of memorials to the Grand Army of the Republic, Confederate artworks in the United States Capitol, List of Confederate monuments and memorials, Removal of Confederate monuments and memorials. Bragg defeats Rosecrans, George Thomas of US anointed "The Rock of Chickamauga". Union forces routed Confederates, forcing them to scatter from Moorefield. 652. Hill, Gen. James Longstreet, and Gen. Richard S. Ewell. Failed Confederate attempt to destroy part of the Union force approaching Atlanta. [21], By late 1864, the majority of Pennsylvania voters had rallied around the president and supported his incumbency in the Presidential Election, giving Lincoln 296,292 votes or 51.6% of the ballots cast versus Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan's 277,443 votes (48.4%).[22]. Price's army crushed, flees back into Missouri. By evening, the Federals retained Little Round Top and had repulsed most of Ewells men. Early in the day, Ewell had attacked Culps Hill without success. Pennsylvania Historical & Museum Commission, A Guide for Classroom Teachers Researching the Civil War at the Pennsylvania State Archives, Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission Guide to Civil War Holdings, History of the Pennsylvania Volunteers, 1861-1865, Register of Civil War Volunteers, 1861-1865, Civil War Veterans' Card File, 1861-1866 Indexes, List of Sick and Wounded Soldiers, Pennsylvania Volunteers, 1861-1864, Civil War Muster Rolls and Related records, 1862-1864, Descriptive Books (Regimental and Company), 1861-1864, Diaries and Journals Collection, 1763-1938, Military Manuscripts Collection, 1758-1931, Battery B, First Pennsylvania Light Artillery papers, 1861 (1861-65)-1924, McCormick Family Papers, 1818 (1861-1864)- 1881, Hugh W. McNeil Collection, 1866 (1861-62)-1916, Forty-Second Regiment ("Bucktails"), Pennsylvania Volunteers, Records, 1861-64, Records of the First City Zouaves; Company A, 127th Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry; Harrisburg City Grays; and Company D, 8th Regiment, N.G.P., 1862-1917, Discharge Orders and Letters of Notice of Alien Status of Individuals serving in the Military, 1862-1863, RG-19 Records of the Department of Military and Veterans Affairs, Resources with Detailed Information about Civil War Records, Searching for an Individual Pennsylvania Veteran, Searching the Records of a Civil War Unit, PHMC Collections Management Policy Standards, Diversity, Equity, Inclusion & Access Policy, Veteran's county or residence or enlistment, View scanned images of these cards can be viewed at, Records of the Pennsylvania Soldiers' and Sailors' Home, 1864-1893 (RG 19) (microfilm rolls #492, 6143-6151, 6153-6154), Alphabetical List of Names on Pennsylvania Monuments (RG 19) 3870, Conscientious Objector Depositions, 1862 (see also Roll 4187 for 1862 Register of C.O.s at the National Archives) (RG 19) (microfilm rolls #505-507), Register of Aliens and Persons Having Conscientious Scruples Against Bearing Arms (National Archives) (microfilm roll #4187), Lists of Deserters and Substitutes, 1861-1866 (RG 19) (microfilm roll #493), List of Sick and Wounded Soldiers, Pennsylvania Volunteers, 1861-1864 (RG 19) (microfilm rolls #493-494), Miscellaneous Discharge Certificates, 1861-66 (RG 19) (microfilm roll #493), Negroes in Military Service in the United States (National Archives) (microfilm roll #2040), Record Books of Claims for Arrears of Pay and Bounty, 1864-1869 (RG 19) (microfilm rolls #494-495), Records of Drafted Men and Substitutes, 1862, 1864-1865 (RG 19) (microfilm rolls #498-501), Register of Sick and Wounded Soldiers, Pennsylvania Volunteers, 1861-65 (RG 19) (microfilm rolls #493-494), Registers of Pennsylvania Volunteers, 1861-1865 (RG 19) (microfilm rolls #508-522), Substitutes' Depositions, 1862 (RG 19) (microfilm rolls #502-504), First Defenders, 1st-25th Regiments, Erie Regiment (3 months service) (microfilm rolls #3648-3652), 11th, 23rd, 26th-44th Regiments P.V. pp. The South lost many of its men, including generals and colonels, and Gen. Robert E. Lee lost all hope of invading the North. The Gettysburg Address was a speech given on November 19, 1863, by U.S. Pres. Confederate successes at First and Second Bull Run, Antietam, and Fredericksburg had convinced him that the war could be won by adopting a tactical defensive posture while conducting strategic offensive operations. ", Tremel, Andrew T. "The Union League, Black Leaders, and the Recruitment of Philadelphia's African American Civil War Regiments. Union infantry defeats Confederate cavalry. [citation needed]. Confederates suffered heavy losses to Union forces. Forrest routs Union force almost three times as large. He was hawkish toward both the war efforts and his harsh views on Reconstruction. Thanks to fierce fighting by one Maineregiment, the Federals were able to hold Little Round Top, but lost the orchard, field and Devils Den; Sickles himself was seriously wounded. Early's division took control of the town in late June 1863 and extracted a ransom. Sheridan defeats Early, drives Confederates from Shenandoah Valley. (microfilm rolls #4220-4222), 62nd Regiment P.V. [16] Fears were raised in Pittsburgh in the summer of 1863 when Morgan's Raid approached Pennsylvania before it was thwarted in neighboring Ohio. January 6 - The state of Florida seizes the Apalachicola Arsenal. Civil War Pension files for soldiers from all states, including Pennsylvania, are located at the National Archives. In the afternoon, after a preliminary artillery bombardment, Lee attacked the Union center on Cemetery Ridge. (microfilm roll #4223), 148th Regiment P.V. Union's massive bombardment and naval attack fails to retake the fort. 12th Pennsylvania Cavalry. Most Pennsylvania soldiers fought in the Eastern Theater, with only about 10% serving elsewhere. The presence of vast armies throughout the countryside meant that livestock, crops, and other staples were consumed very quickly. Generally, only Pennsylvania veterans are referenced in the original Civil War records held by the Pennsylvania State Archives. His hopes of a victorious invasion of the North dashed, Lee waited for a Union counterattack on July 4, but it never came. These battles would change the standing and historical memory of the United States. Although this attack has been immortalized as Picketts Charge, that generals only overall responsibility was to form the divisions of Brig. Richards' Company, Mississippi Light Artillery (Madison Light Artillery). On the other side of the state, Pittsburgh's heavy industry provided significant quantities of weapons and ammunition. Confederate forces lose control of railroads at Petersburg. Southernmost battle on land in Civil War. On July 1 one of Bufords brigades, armed with the newly issued Spencer repeating carbines, delayed Heths division until Gen. John F. Reynoldss I Corps began to arrive at about 11:00 am. Galveston is taken by the Union forces after Confederates evacuate following a truce. Confederates withdraw after inconclusive battle. At the other end of the lines, Federal cavalry was foolishly employed in futile and costly charges across rough terrain against Hoods infantry. (Seven Days) Indecisive battle between Lee and McClellan. If you continue to use this website you agree to our use of cookies. Richard Taylor, being vastly outnumbered, retreats after an artillery skirmish. Early on June 29 Meade started north with Gen. John Bufords two cavalry brigades scouting ahead of the army. Published: July 1, 2019. copy page link. Meade has been criticized for not destroying the Army of Northern Virginia by a vigorous pursuit. Battle of Gettysburg noun (1863, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania) Union victory during the Civil War. On July 1, the advancing Confederates clashed with the Unions Army of the Potomac, commanded by General George G. Meade, at the crossroads town of Gettysburg. Indecisive naval battle during U.S. Civil War. Preston, Co. B, 100th Regiment, P.V., Diary, 1864 (microfilm roll #4552), Stephen A. Wallace Civil War Diary, Sept. 18, 1862 to July 13, 1863 (MG 6) (microfilm roll #4028), Wheler Family Papers, 1862-1865, undated. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Indecisive action at rearguard of Lee's retreat. The U.S. Allegheny Arsenal was the primary military manufacturing facility for U.S. Army accouterments, as well as saddles and other cavalry equipment. Federal dead from this battle rest at Gettysburg National Cemetery, site of Abraham Lincoln's Gettysburg Address. Lee wanted to exploit this strategic weakness, but Ewell argued that Longstreet should make the main attack on the opposite flank. Then the Federal artillery, which had ceased fire an hour earlier to save ammunition, went back into action with devastating effect at a range of about 700 yards (640 metres). Neely, Captain, 149th Regiment P.V.,Co. Confederate forces failed to take Fort Butler. Minor skirmish, Union and Confederates clashed, Confederate forces repelled Union troops, with cavalry and cadet forces. Find out how soldiers killed in battle were buried and commemorated during and after the American Civil War, This article was most recently revised and updated by, The third day and Picketts Charge (July 3), 9 Questions About the American Civil War Answered, 41 Questions from Britannicas Most Popular World History Quizzes, https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Gettysburg, History Learning Site - The Battle of Gettysburg, Military History Encyclopedia on the Web - Battle of Gettysburg, HistoryNet - The Battle of Gettysburg: Facts and Info About a Turning Point in the Civil War, Battle of Gettysburg - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Battle of Gettysburg - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), Timothy H. O'Sullivan: photograph of a dead Confederate soldier at Gettysburg battlefield, Philippoteaux, Paul: Battle of Gettysburg panorama. Southernmost land battle in Florida of the war. Though the great Confederate general would go on to win other victories, the Battle of Gettysburg (combined with Ulysses S. Grants victory at Vicksburg, also on July 4) irrevocably turned the tide of the Civil War in the Unions favor. Confederates unable to prevent Union river crossing. While maneuvering to keep between Lee and the Federal capital, Meade intended to make Lee turn and fight before he could cross the Susquehanna. Begun as a skirmish . Cavalry action between Union Maj. Gen. Hugh Judson Kilpatrick and Confederate Maj. Gen. Joseph Wheeler. If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. McConnellsburg, Pennsylvania. Jackson turns into Pope's rear area; destroys Manassas Station. An impressive state-sponsored monument in the Gettysburg National Military Park honors Pennsylvania's soldiers and leaders. Reynolds was mortally wounded in the engagement; he would be the highest-ranking officer to die at Gettysburg and one of the most senior commanders to be killed in action during the war. During the 1860 Presidential Election, Pennsylvania voted in favor of Abraham Lincoln (268,030 votes or 56.3% of the ballots cast) over Stephen Douglas (178,765; 37.5%), John C. Breckinridge (16,765; 3.5%), and John Bell (12,776; 2.7%).[18]. Union campaign towards Little Rock, Arkansas halted. 2023, A&E Television Networks, LLC. Nathan Bedford Forrest's first victory. Hundreds of thousands died of disease. "Draft Resistance in Civil War Pennsylvania. Meade, on the other hand, was less confident, and it was only after a formal council of war that he decided to stay and fight. Union forces capture fort just east of Mobile. Hill attacked too late to achieve significant results, and not until 6:00 pm did Ewell launch the assault that should have begun hours earlier to coincide with Longstreets. Union victory, Confederate General Albert G. Jenkins killed. J.E.B. Samuel Penniman Bates, History of Pennsylvania Volunteers, 1861-65, is a published roster of soldiers and regiments in 5 volumes. "Pennsylvania and the American Civil War: An Annotated Guide to Online Resources. Lee repulses Grant at back door to Richmond. Confederate victory. Federal troops surrendered after being encircled by cavalry dressed as Union soldiers. Sean Patrick Adams (29 December 2010). Gen. Farnsworths brigade arrived and counterattacked, routing the Confederate vanguard and nearly capturing Stuart himself. Lee took immediate steps to meet this unexpected threat. The Philadelphia Navy Yard provided an important source of ships, sailors, and supplies for the United States Navy during the war. 'We Are All in This War': The 148th Pennsylvania and Home Front Dissension in Centre County during the Civil War." Confederate attack fails due to poor terrain conditions. Over 360,000 Pennsylvanians served in the Union Army, more than any other Northern state except New York. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Smaller facilities produced steel swords, rifles, pistols, tools, camp implements, tents, and other items used by the Federal armies, making Pennsylvania one of the most important sources of government supplies during the war.[15]. (microfilm rolls #4032-4033), 114th Regiment P.V. Union forces victorious, but fail to capture several forts. Provided by Touchpoints J. L. Smith. Although he was born in Spain, George G. Meade lived much of his life in Pennsylvania and is buried in Philadelphia. The turning point of the Civil War was the Battle of Gettysburg. A Union force of 2,000 took the city from ten Tucson militiamen without a shot fired. Lee told Ewell to attack Cemetery Hill if possible, but Ewell did not elect to take the risk. Confederate secondary attacks were so poorly timed, however, that Meade could shift strength from quiet parts of his line and move reserves to meet each new threat. The Battle of Gettysburg, fought from July 1 to July 3, 1863, is considered the most important engagement of the American Civil War. The Federals are surprised and quickly routed. After a great victory over Union forces at. The extreme southern tier of the state included a fair number of Copperheads, particularly in Fulton, Adams, and York counties. It also houses microfilmed records of the damage claims from individuals in several counties, delineating losses of their personal property and possessions to the opposing armies during the Gettysburg Campaign. Longstreet unable to take fort due to poor quality gunpowder. Union gunboats fight inconclusive battle with Confederate artillery. Smithsonian Civil War: Inside the National Collection. Confederate forces retreat after Colonel Singletary is killed. Other battles and skirmishes, not rated by CWSAC, of the American Indian Wars between either USA or CSA forces and the Apache, Arapaho, Cheyenne, Comanche, Dakota, Kiowa, Navajo, and Shoshone which occurred during the American Civil War including: the Apache Wars, Colorado War, Dakota War of 1862, Navajo Wars, and TexasIndian wars. The turning point of the Civil War was the Battle of Gettysburg. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. All Rights Reserved. Longstreet, not Pickett, was in command of the operation. "Pennsylvania and the American Civil War: Recent Trends and Interpretations. Confederate feint to distract Union forces. Stuart counterattacked. 166. [3] The thirteen regiments of the Pennsylvania Reserves fought as the only army division all from a single state, and saw action in most of the major campaigns and battles of the Army of the Potomac. The unprecedented violence of battles such as Shiloh, Antietam, Stones River, and Gettysburg shocked citizens and international observers alike. Union and Confederate forces traded ground until both sides retired, with no valuable gain from either side. History of the Corn Exchange Regiment, 118th Pennsylvania Volunteers, from Their First Engagement at Antietam to Appomattox: To which is Added a Record of Its Organization and a Complete Roster. Union forces capture town, Beauregard tricks Union in order to escape to. In Indian Territory, two largely Black and American Indian forces meet. Hills command approached the town in search of supplies early on July 1, only to find that two Union cavalry brigades had arrived the previous day. Union attack on Confederate positions near a church repelled. Lees defeat stemmed from overconfidence in his troops, Ewells inability to fill the boots of Gen. Thomas J. ", Trainor, Sean. The State Archives holds Civil War regimental records only for Pennsylvania units, including those regiments of U.S. The Frankford Arsenal was a vital source of small-arms, ammunition, artillery shells, and time fuses to the Federal Army and state militia. Confederate troops occupy Charleston during Kanawha Valley offensive. Nearly as many men died in captivity during the Civil War as were killed in the whole of the Vietnam War. When Longstreets artillery started preparatory firing at 3:00 pm, Meade rushed to the heretofore neglected south flank and found that Sickles had not positioned his III Corps along Cemetery Ridge as directed but had moved forward to higher ground. Failed Confederate attempt to protect Vicksburg from approaching Federals. On July 4, 1863, a seventeen mile train of wounded and dying men began the retreat from Gettysburg through Franklin County. Civil War Battles in Pennsylvania Hanover Civil War battles in Pennsylvania Other Names: None Location: York County A significant explosion on the afternoon of September 17, 1862 (coincidentally on the same day as the Battle of Antietam in central Maryland ), killed 78 factory workers, mostly young women. Stuart's cavalrymen in their camps near Brandy Station. Pittsburgh rolling mills supplied the armor for many of the ironclads that were built in New York and Philadelphia. Pennsylvanians also rose to prominence as political figures during the war, like Secretary of War Simon Cameron and the fiery Radical Republican abolitionist Representative Thaddeus Stevens. Updates? Battle of Gettysburg, (July 13, 1863), major engagement in the American Civil War, fought 35 miles (56 km) southwest of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, that was a crushing Southern defeat. Confederates enter town, but are unable to take nearby fort. He ordered Longstreet to lead an attack on the Union left, while Ewells corps would strike the right, near Culps Hill.

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