d. well- and ill-defined problems. Involves obstacles between one's current state and a desired goal, c. Has one and only correct or possible answer. << Psychologists would NOT classify this scenario as a problem because. She attempts to retrieve the book, but the shelf is a foot above her reach. Examples of such tests are the Product improvement task and the Ununsual uses tests. Metcalfe and Wiebe - insight in problem solving -task: -insight problem: triangle problem -non insight problem: algebra - warmth judgements - result: insight problems solved suddenly and non insight problems were solved gradually (more linear) Obstacles to problem solving - functional fixedness - candle problem - two string problem intermediate states. present multiple sample de, Phoenix Decorating Company is responsible for designing and building many of the floral floats seen in the Tournament of Roses Parade every New Year's Day. Introducing Cram Folders! 2003-2023 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. Jonas's belief in the jacket's cosmic ability is an example of, 8. 40. which people can be considered more creative in ability to solve problems.c. The radiation problem, In the two-string problem, tying the pliers to one of the strings best represents a(n) ____ state.a. gradually rise; gradually riseb. prior learning facilitating problem solving.b. colorc. If you are given the information that in order to vote in a presidential election, you must be at least 18 years of age, and that Will voted in the last presidential election, you can logically conclude that Will is at least 18 years old. That light bulb going off can possibly be due to insight. mental set. The purpose of this experiment was to, Ann takes the street to the south when heading southbound to work, but that street is closed for repairs. /F11 13 0 R warmth judgments.d. 19 - Foner, Eric. Tower of Hanoic. >> d. Lydia is a state governor and active in the feminist movement. 11 0 obj b. situationally-produced mental set, c. environmental functional fixedness. Their research program was based on the idea that problem solving is a process that involves. insight.d. /Parent 2 0 R Which problem provides an example of how functional fixedness can hinder solution of a problem? When a tsunami happens, and an oceanic and continental plate collide, which plate is pushed underneath? ______ identified people's tendency to focus on a specific charac. She decided to wait until her mother-in-law returned to ask her, Which of the following provides the best example of functional fixedness?a. Later, she analyzes the recorded discussions, identifying certain problem-solving techniques. >> d. the sudden realization of a problem's solution. Janet is alone in a room that contains a chair and a shelf with a book resting on top. According to your text, the key to solving the Wason four-card problem is, One reason that most people do not easily solve the original (abstract) version of the Wason four-card problem is that they. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. The students were very creative. seeing more efficient solutions to the problem.b. problems that have a clear identifiable solution. The purpose of this experiment was to a. demonstrate a difference between how people experience solving insight and non-insight problems. b. show how people progress through the problem space as they solve a problem. She attempts to retrieve the book, but the shelf is a foot above her reach. /Type /Font Functional fixedness would be LOWEST for a(n). Actions that take the problem from one state to another are known asa. Kaplan and Simon's experiment presented different versions of the mutilated checkerboard problem. Josiah is trying to decide whether or not to take a new job in a new city. << Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. d. take astronomy or geology as a physical science elective course. Tower of Hanoi problemb. Which of the following statements does NOT apply to the results of research on differences between how experts and novices solve problems? Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. /Type /Catalog The purpose of this experiment was to Tw string problem Which problem provides an example of how functional fixedness can hinder solution of a problem? a. %PDF-1.4 Finke's creating an object studies show that people were more likely to come up w/ creative uses for pre-inventive objects is they: How do cognitive psychologists approach researching the way people solve problems? How will Janet retrieve the book? The purpose of the experiment was to; a. show how people progress through the problem space as they solve a problem. Metcalfe & Wiebe gave participants problems to solve & asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. a. Except for one order, all orders have arrived within two business days. had received training in creative thinking.c. means-end analysis.c. The purpose of this experiment was to 27. metcalfe and wiebe 1987 hypothesis of metcalfe and wiebe 1987 = particiapnts working on an insight problem should not be very good at predicting how near they are to a solution whereas participants working on a nonishgt problem would be more likely to know when they are getting clother to the solution In its discussion of expertise and problem solving, your text identifies the kind of scientist who are most likely to make revolutionary discoveries in their fields. /BaseFont /Times-BoldItalic 26. c. performance is the same for both tasks. d. candle can be oriented horizontally or diagonally. search. /Type /Font Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked the to make "warmth" judgments every 15 sec. match box can be used as a container for tacks.b. frequently used object.d. Whereas Metcalfe and Wiebe's (1987) participants provided a final warmth rating that indicated that they were certain they found the solution, our participants were instructed to provide warmth ratings only before they reached the solution, and the solution itself acted as the final rating. avoid the need to perform means-end analysis. present one sample design for a brief period.c. Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked the to make "warmth" judgments every 15 sec. analogyd. This particular discussion suggests that____ may be more important than ____ in creative thinking. His factory still had three cases of cartons, and Ali was told he could take them if he wanted them. Metcalfe & Wiebe (1987) had participants solve insight and noninsight problems, and make "warmth" ratings (from 1 to 7) every 15 seconds as they were working on the problems participants gave a warmer rating (closer to 7) when they felt like they were getting; a cooler rating (closer to 1) when they felt like they were far from a . Psychologists would NOT classify this scenario as a problem because: Ill-defined problems are so named because it is difficult to specify ________ for the problems. /Differences [ 128/.notdef/quoteleft/quoteright/quotedblleft/quotedblright/emdash/bullet/.notdef /F6 8 0 R ill-defined. how to d. What information a person is attending to while solving a problem. b. ability to work well with a group of others. The fortress problem involves a fortress and marching soldiers, while the radiation problem involves a tumor and rays. a. what information a person is attending to while solving a problem. The sudden realization of a problem's solution Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. present one sample design throughout the task.d. stream See Page 1. noticing that there is an analogous relationship between problems because most participants need prompting before they notice a connection. Once they created an object, they were given the name of an object category and instructed to interpret their creation as a practical object or device withi, Novel objects before a function was described, Finke's creating an object studies show that people were more likely to come up with creative uses for pre-inventive objects if theya. restructuring goal states.c. c. what positive and negative feelings will occur following a decision to the same degree. operators.c. Being an expert in one field can transfer to better problem solving in another field. endobj Metcalfe and Wiebe found that heat levels gradually increased before people found an adequate solution to the former type of problem, whereas the latter type of problem called "incremental" problems. . Developing schemas for each individual problem, c. Connecting the fortress with the tumor, d. Generalizing from groups of soldiers to aliens arriving to help fight. It has a large number of potential solutions. The purpose of this experiment was to: demonstrate a difference between how people solve insight and non-insight. a.demonstrate a difference between how people solve insight and non-insight problems. The solution to the candle problem involves realizing that the Illustrative of functional fixedness, people are more likely to solve the candle problem if A ______ string led to a restructured representation in the two-string problem. of a problem that keeps them from arriving at a solution as a major obstacle to successful problem solving. c. how to develop computer programs that best mimic human problem solving. the purpose of the exp. /Eth/Ntilde/Ograve/Oacute/Ocircumflex/Otilde/Odieresis/multiply PFC activation was. Warmth judgments on nearness to a solution ____ prior to the solution of an insight problem and ____ prior to the solution of a non-insight problem.a. creative cognition.c. Therefore, the two problems have very different. b. Newell and Simon were early pioneers in designing computer programs that could solve problems. The Tower of Hanoi problem is an example of a(n) ____ problem that has been analyzed using the ____ approach.a. As a student, she was deeply concerned with issues of discrimination and social justice, and she participated in anti- nuclear demonstrations. /Type /Font d. can cite several reasons for their position on a controversial issue but none for the opposing side. /Type /Font Therefore, the two problems have very different Holyoak and Koh presented different versions of the light bulb problem to assist in solving the radiation problem. d. It has a single correct answer. mental sets. psychologists would NOT classify this scenario as a problem bc: ill-defined problems are so named bc it is difficult to specify ______ for the problems. The authors argued that the difference between concomitant phenomenological insight and incremental problem solving can be used to define insight. source; targetb. She decides to use the breaks in between her classes to read and take notes from 15 pages at a time to make the task seem more manageable. She usually takes the street to the south when heading southbound on the freeway to work, but that street is closed for repairs for three months. The purpose of this experiment was to: demonstrate a difference between how people solve insight and non-insight problems If a motorcycle cop believes that young female drivers speed more than other drivers, he will likely notice young female drivers speeding in the fast lane but fail to notice young male or older drivers doing the same. was whether warmth ratings would predict problem solving dierently depending on whether the problems were multistep problems/puzzles (e.g., the Tower of Hanoi task), or vignette descriptions previously demonstrated to give rise to insight solutions (e.g., the "water lilies problem"). 34. She usually takes the street to the south when heading southbound on the freeway to work, but that street is closed for repairs for three months. /BaseFont /Times-Roman endobj /Encoding 16 0 R Curious is doing a follow-up study to the mutilated checkerboard problem experiment. the box is empty.d. analogical encoding.b. Insight refers toa. insight.d. b. performance is better for the abstract task. a. demonstrate a difference between how people solve insight and non-insight problems.
metcalfe and wiebe gave participants problems to solve