But because of apostasy it was the predictions of national honor and glory that could not be fulfilled. The various abuses rebuked by Malachi are mostly the same as those Nehemiah found when he returned to Jerusalem for his second term of governorship (Malachi 3:8, 9; cf. --"when a prophet speaks in the name of the LORD, if the thing does not happen or come to pass, that is the thing which the LORD has not spoken". Roman Empire Map - In the prophetic picture God is represented as gathering the nations to Jerusalem (Joel 3:1, 2; Zephaniah 3:6-8; cf. All Israel consists of both Jews and Gentiles, thus all Israel shall be saved (Romans 11:25, 26). He would have come, He would have died, and would have risen again. For example, the judgment that came upon Sodom and Gomorrah, literal cities of the ancient past, is used by Bible writers as descriptive of the judgment God will eventually bring upon all the world. Human traditions came to be honored in place of the revealed will of God (see on Mark 7:6-9). ;vx(>_w$ [U-hFzy\v?>}_|z|wxuzv/jO]vNNrz'_=}2 @/^? Discover what application later inspired writers make of the prophecy, and on this basis determine its possible significance for Gods people in this time. Solomon's, so that we have a scale of increasing year numbers. Far from becoming the light of the world, the Jews shut themselves away from the world as a safeguard against being seduced into idolatry (see Deuteronomy 11:26, 27; cf. New Testament Overview - General survey of the New Testament. The blessings thus assured to Israel are, on the same conditions and in the same degree, assured to every nation and to every individual under the broad heavens. He is the same yesterday, and to day, and for ever (Hebrews 13:8). In the lives of Gods people the truths of His word are to reveal their glory and excellence. God entered into solemn covenant relationship with him (Genesis 15:18; 17:2-7), and his posterity, Israel, inherited the sacred trust of being Gods chosen representatives on earth (Hebrews 11:9) for the salvation of the entire human race. This page and its content is copyright 2012. We may request cookies to be set on your device. Prophecies that fall into the latter classification are to be fulfilled in principle but not necessarily in every detail, owing to the fact that many details of prophecy were concerned with Israel as a literal nation situated in the land of Palestine. Superior craftsmanship. Past, present, future: The nation of Israel has a timeline that was initiated when God called out Abraham to make a people for Himself. Mark 7:9). True and whole-hearted worship ushers in peace and blessing from the land. The number who returned upon the decree of 537 B.C. Salvation was to be of the Jews, in that the Messiah would be a Jew (John 4:22), and by the Jews, as messengers of salvation to all men (Genesis 12:2, 3; 22:18; Isaiah 42:1, 6; 43:10; Galatians 3:8, 16, 18). 19:21; Isaiah 46:10; Acts 5:39; Hebrews 6:17; etc. Click on the different category headings to find out more. Several prophecies followed a few months later (Zechariah 1:7 to 6:15). Scholars differ widely in their views concerning the time of Joels ministry. With your gift of any size, youll enable us to continue equipping Christians with high-quality biblically-based content. Ambassadors from one foreign country after another would come to discover, if they might, the great secret of Israels success as a nation, and its leaders would have the opportunity of directing the minds of their visitors to the Source of all good things. <> Since Jothams sole reign began after the death of his father Uzziah in 740/39, the initial date for Micahs prophetic ministry should probably be placed after that date. In Egypt, Jeremiah raised his voice against the idolatries the Jews practiced there (chapters 43; 44). DIVIDED KINGDOM c.930-c.586 BC From the internal strife that divided the nation of Israel to the prophets who warned of the coming exile. ), those pointing forward to the eternal rest in Canaan (Isaiah 11:6-9; 35; 65:17-25; 66:20-23; Jeremiah 17:25; Ezekiel 37; 40-48; Zechariah 2:6-12; 14:4-11), and those promising deliverance from her enemies (Isaiah 2:10-21; 24-26; Ezekiel 38; 39; Joel 3; Zephaniah 1; 2; Zechariah 9:9-17; 10-14; etc. Nehemiah 13:10-12; Malachi 2:11-16; cf. Spiritual Israel includes both Jews and Gentiles (verse 24). Yet in mercy, God still bore with His people, and in due time Messiah came (Malachi 3:1-3). If the nation had been faithful to its trust and had appreciated the high destiny reserved for it by God, the whole earth would have awaited the coming of the Messiah with eager expectancy. The glorious promises originally made to literal Israel are meeting their fulfillment today in the proclamation of the gospel to all men (Revelation 14:6, 7). Any idea that the return of the Jews to their ancestral home, that is, to the new state of Israel, may in any way be related to Bible prophecy is without valid scriptural foundation. For example, Nathan was King David's prophet, and he was financially supported by the king. It was last of all that God sent unto them his son, according to Christs own words (Matthew 21:37), but they caught him and slew him (verse 39). As the people cooperated with the directions God gave them in regard to the culture of the soil, the land would gradually be restored to Edenic fertility and beauty (Isaiah 51:3). Galatians 5:19-23), and because of this failure to bear the fruit expected of them, forfeited their role in the divine plan (see Romans 11:20). In their meticulous attention to the letter of the law they lost sight of its spirit. The formal rejection of Jesus by the Jews, as a nation, marked the close of their last opportunity as the special agents of God for the salvation of the world. Watch on. Christianity is a historical religion, and its inspired messages are anchored to the hills and valleys, the deserts and rivers, of the ancient world, and to literal men and women who once walked the earth. Nothing is known of the prophet Joel beyond the fact that he was the son of Pethuel (chapter 1:1). From generation to generation these holy men of God (2 Peter 1:21) called Israel to repentance and righteousness and kept alive the Messianic hope. We should never forget that whatsoever things were written aforetime were written for the learning of future generations to the end of time, to inspire patience, comfort, and hope (Romans 15:4). This chart includes only the major prophetic figures of the Old Testament period. Furthermore, the repeated mention of Judahs wickedness, described as enormous in his day (see chapters 1:4-6, 8, 9, 12; 3:1-3, 7), points to the time before Josiahs reform, which began in 623/22. Thus it was also with Samuel, Elijah, John the Baptist (see on Matthew 3:4), John the Beloved (see on Mark 3:17), and many others. The consecutive order of the book of Haggai would indicate that his whole recorded ministry lasted not longer than 31/2 months, beginning (chapter 1:1) on August 29, 520 B.C., and extending, in his last two recorded speeches (chapter 2:10, 20), to December 18, 520. The Babylonians - Learn about ancient Babylon and the people who lived there. Jonah fled his call because it was the Assyrians who were destroying the Jews. A Jewish legend claims that he was stoned to death by his people. He is commemorated by Christians on July 20 and is recognized as a prophet in Islam. You may not distribute or commercially use the content on any other website or other form of electronic retrieval system. This Upper Egyptian capital city, better known by its Greek name Thebes, was destroyed by King Ashurbanipal in 663 B.C., a date that provides the upper time limit of Nahums prophecy. As he was escaping on a ship bound for Tarshish a great storm arose. In the 5th year of Jehoiachins captivity, 593/92, Ezekiel had his first vision by the river Chebar, a canal near the famous city of Nippur in lower Babylonia (chapter 1:1-3). 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It ignores the plain statements of the Old Testament that Gods promises to Israel were all conditional. or during the early years of his reign. seem to refer to those recorded in 2 Kings 8:20-22 and 2 Chronicles 21:8-10, 16, while nothing points to the troubles caused by Hazael, as narrated in 2 Kings 12:17, 18 and 2 Chronicles 24:23, 24, it has been concluded that Joel gave his messages during the time lying between these two events. Predictions of national disgrace, rejection, and woe that were to result from apostasy would never have been realized. Our collection of maps are simple and they are free. Galatians 3:27-29; see on Deuteronomy 18:15). In Judea: prophecy of Zephaniah, Jeremiah, Obadiah, and Habakkuk Israel would reply, Accept our God as your God, love and serve Him as we do, and He will do the same for you. The blessings thus assured Israel were, on the same conditions and in the same degree, assured to every nation and to every individual under the broad heavens see Acts 10:34, 35; 15:7-9; Romans 10:12, 13; etc.). They voluntarily accepted God as their sovereign, and this constituted the nation a theocracy. As the numbers of Israel increased, they were to enlarge their borders, until their kingdom should embrace the world (cf. The glory that distinguished the early part of the reign of Solomon was due in part to his own faithfulness during that time, and in part to the fact that his father David had seemed to appreciate fully Israels exalted privileges and responsibilities (see Psalms 51:10, 11; Isaiah 55:3; cf. Here Paul affirms that the rejection of the Jews did not mean that the promises of God had taken none effect (Romans 9:6), and explains immediately that they are to become effective through spiritual Israel. Moses their great leader warned the people of Israel not to disobey the LORD or else: 3. Hence the year 571/70 must not be considered as necessarily marking the end of his ministry. Nahum is called the Elkoshite (chapter 1:1), but Elkosh is unknown as a place name, although commentators have tried to identify it with Elkesi in northern Galilee, Alkush near Mosul, and a town near Eleutheropolis in Judah. The sanctuary became Gods dwelling place among them (see Exodus 25:8), its priests were ordained to minister before Him (Hebrews 5:1; 8:3), its services provided an object lesson of the plan of salvation and prefigured the coming of the Messiah (1 Corinthians 5:7; Colossians 2:16, 17; Hebrews 9:1-10; 10:1-12). Changes will take effect once you reload the page. Our study of messages originally proclaimed by holy men of old to the people of their day is not to become an end in itself, but a means of discovering the will of God for all who would render Him truehearted service now, at the climax of the ages. Paul states the same truth in Romans 9:30, 31, where he makes it plain that the Christian church has replaced the Hebrew nation in the divine plan. Godlinessgodlikenessis the goal to be reached. Click to enable/disable _gat_* - Google Analytics Cookie. Now it is spiritual Israel, in the past not a people but now the people of God, that are to shew forth the praises of the One who has called them out of darkness into his marvellous light (1 Peter 2:9, 10). It was therefore not alone unto themselves and to their contemporaries that the prophets ministered, but also to all sincere men and women of later generations (1 Peter 1:12). This concept of the role of Israel is reiterated again and again throughout the Old Testament. Hearing of all the advantages with which the God of Israel had blessed His people and all the prosperity He had procured for them (Jeremiah 33:9), the pagan nations would admit that their own fathers had inherited lies (chapter 16:19). This situation fits best the time prior to the rise of the Chaldean Empire under Nabopolassar, who began to reign in 626/25 B.C., and who, with the Medes, was responsible for the destruction of Assyria. Ch 2: Israel Forsakes God Ch 3:6 Unfaithful Israel Ch 4:5 Disaster From the North Ch 5: Not One Is Upright ![A1 l0.BaD Xae [#J8U!r^X O, Those who think that chapter 52 was added as an inspired postscript by Jeremiahs secretary or one of his disciples, believe that he died some 20 years earlier, about 580 B.C. As the nations of antiquity should behold Israels unprecedented progress, their attention and interest would be aroused. Maps are essential for any serious Bible study. Jotham (750 -735) inactive in rule after Hosea Amos Zechariah Again and again He had warned His people that captivity would be the result of disobedience (see Deuteronomy 4:9; 8:9; 28:1, 2, 14, 18; Jeremiah 18:7-10; 26:2-16; Zechariah 6:15; etc.). They were to be far in advance of other nations in wisdom and understanding. The state was still to be administered in the name, and by the authority, of God. Prophets arose in Israel during the period when Israel's kings challenged the people in powerthe political rulers and the economic elite. A study of the Old Testament prophets that consists primarily of lifting selected passages here and there out of their historical context and arbitrarily applying them to our dayas if the prophet spoke exclusively for our benefitis fraught with grave danger. Ancient Jerusalem - Interactive Study of Jerusalem with Map. 3. Some prophets overlap, lived in different areas, or the chronology cannot be estimated with any accuracy. His word endureth for ever (1 Peter 1:25). Micah was a prophet from Moresheth-gath (chapter 1:1, 14), probably Tell ejJudeideh in southwestern Judah. A Harmony of the Life of Jesus - Four gospel accounts in harmony. It is important to note that all the Old Testament promises looking forward to a time of restoration for the Jews were given in anticipation of their return from captivity (see Isaiah 10:24-34; 14:1-7; 27:12, 13; 40:2; 61:4-10; Jeremiah 16:14-16; 23:3-8; 25:11; 29:10-13; 30:3-12; 32:7-27, 37-44; Ezekiel 34:11-15; 37; Amos 9:10-15; Micah 2:12, 13; etc.). 1 Kings 22:28). However, there is no valid reason why Malachi should not be considered a proper name. He purposed to make them an honor to His name and a blessing to the nations about them. He prophesied to the people of Israel during the years that Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz and Kezekiah were kings of Judah and when Jeroboam II was king of Israel. prophecies of Elijah, Micaiah, and Elisha. Zechariah probably belonged to a priestly family (chapter 1:1; cf. Instead of becoming light bearers to the world they absorbed its darkness and reflected that darkness instead. Without this, the people of Israel would not qualify to receive the material blessings God designed to bestow upon them. According to His beneficent purpose, the covenant promises were to have met fulfillment in large measure during the centuries following the return of the Israelites from the lands of their captivity. But to go beyond that which is clearly set forth by Inspirationin the immediate context of the passage concerned, in the New Testament, or in the Spirit of prophecyis to substitute personal opinion for a plain Thus saith the Lord. Where Inspiration has not thus clearly spoken it is our privilege to compare scripture with scripture in an endeavor to understand more perfectly the mind of the Spirit. 6. During the siege, reprobate Israelites would be slain by their foes (Zechariah 13:8; 14:2). Upon His final departure from the sacred precincts of the Temple, Jesus said, Your house is left unto you desolate (Matthew 23:38). Skill in agriculture and animal husbandry. The table down shows where in time the . 4 0 obj The promises and threatenings of God are alike conditional. Thus it was with Daniel, a bright example of what man may become, even in this life, if he will make God his strength and wisely improve the opportunities and privileges within his reach (see Daniel 1:8-20). The earth would thus be rid of those who opposed God (Zechariah 14:12, 13). His early ministry seems to have coincided with the last years of King Uzziahs reign (see Introduction to Isaiah), but his official call to the office of a prophet came in 740/39, the last year of King Uzziah (chapter 6:1). Updated: Chart of Israels and Judahs Kings and Prophets, Sign up to receive in your inbox a free daily reading of the Old & New Testament from Bible Gateway, Chart of Israels and Judahs Kings and Prophets, Reading and Understanding the Bible: An Interview with Ben Witherington III, The Cities That Built the Bible: Guest Post by Robert Cargill, The Bible in Graphic Novel Form: An Interview with Art Ayris. Eventually Gods purposes will prevail and the plan of salvation will succeed, irrespective of the failure of any person or group. x=kU0g\ET,? Hence, he seems to have labored at a time before Assyria played a role in Palestinian affairs. ***The Scripture references provided are those that help estimate the time periods of each prophets ministry. The prophets call us to re-learn the lesson that a respect for the creator of the earth we occupy is a starting point for peace between the earth and its inhabitants. The success of Israel was to be based on and to include: 1. [3][4] Part of a serieson Solomon made his great mistake when he failed to realize the secret of Israels prosperity, and with a few noteworthy exceptions, leaders and people sank lower and lower from generation to generation until apostasy was complete (Isaiah 3:12; 9:16; Jeremiah 5:1-5; 8:10; Ezekiel 22:23-31; Micah 3). One challenging point in history is the divided kingdoms of Israel (the 10 northern tribes) and Judah (the 2 southern tribes). He has a controversy with them because they have rebelled against His authority (Jeremiah 25:31-33), and He will judge (Joel 3:9-17) and destroy them there (Isaiah 34:1-8; 63:1-6; 66:15-18). Daniel was taken to Babylon in 605 B.C., during the accession year of Nebuchadnezzar (see on chapter 1:1). The people might approach God personally and through the ministry of a mediating priesthood, their representatives before Him; He would direct the nation through the ministry of prophets, His appointed representatives to them. Some believe that the prophet refers to the conquest of Jerusalem at the time of King Jehoram (2 Kings 8:20-22; 2 Chronicles 21:8-10, 16, 17) in the 9th century; others believe that the prophet is speaking of Jerusalems destruction by Nebuchadnezzar in 586 B.C. Because these cookies are strictly necessary to deliver the website, refusing them will have impact how our site functions. Thus it was with Moses, of whom, to the very day of his death, it could be said that his eye was not dim, nor his natural force abated (Deuteronomy 34:7). endobj The student of the Bible who hopes to secure from it the greatest help will first proceed to reconstruct the historical context of each passage. 'P9(3,A0-JF .h 2 0 obj This call came to him in the 13th year of King Josiah (chapters 1:2; 25:3), about 627. The fourth school of interpretation may, at times, arrive at a valid application of the predictive portions of Old Testament prophecy to the church today and to its future experience, but neglects the primary application of these messages to their historical setting, and proceeds, quite arbitrarily, to determine that certain selected passages were written more or less exclusively for the church today. Through His people Christ is to manifest His character and the principles of His kingdom. We fully respect if you want to refuse cookies but to avoid asking you again and again kindly allow us to store a cookie for that. Both of these extreme methods wrest the obvious intent of the Scriptures and render a sound understanding of the messages of the prophets for the church today unattainable. who were active at that time. Used under license from Veer The promises God made to Abraham endured through his descendants and the prophets, and they continue to stand true alongside the church's existence today. A|D.X#. 2 Samuel 12:7 - "This is what the LORD, the God of Israel, says", The Story of the Bible - Part One - The Old Testament. We provide you with a list of stored cookies on your computer in our domain so you can check what we stored. Its messages show that it was written after the time of the kingdom of Judah, when a governor ruled over the country (chapter 1:8), a fact that points to the Persian period. The Prophets The Dates Bible History Kings and Events Prophets of Israel Jonah 810-790 BC 2 Kings 13-14 Jehoash, Jeroboam II (Amaziah) Joel 790-760 BC 2 Kings 11-15 Uzziah Amos 780-760 BC 2 Kings 14-15 Jeroboam II (Uzziah) Hosea 785-725 BC 2 Kings 15-18 Jeroboam II to Hoshea (Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz) Isaiah 750-695 BC 2 [] Captivity, he said, had confirmed the curse that came because of disobedience (verses 11, 12) and Jerusalem lay desolate (verses 16-19). Higher than the highest human thought can reach is Gods ideal for His children. However, all his messages were addressed to the northern nation. Acts 13:22). 1 Peter 2:9, 10). Hence no reference to these two kingdoms was made by the prophet. Consideration is given to the role of literal Israel as Gods chosen people, to the way His plan for them was to have been accomplished, to the way in which it actually did work out, and to the eventual transfer of the privileges and responsibilities of literal Israel to spiritual Israel, that is, to the Christian church. chapter 11:18). THE EXILE c.585-c.457 BC This tables shows the reigns of each of the Kings of Judah and Israel, God was to be glorified in Israel (Isaiah 49:3) and its people were to be His witnesses (chapters 43:10; 44:8), to reveal to men the principles of His kingdom. The house of God in Jerusalem would eventually be called an house of prayer for all people (chapter 56:7), and many people and strong nations would come to seek the Lord of hosts in Jerusalem, and to pray before Him in that day and be His people (Zechariah 8:22; 2:11). from the ends of the earth (Jeremiah 16:19), to the light of truth shining forth from the mountain of the Lord (Isaiah 2:3; 60:3; 56:7; cf. Isaiahs whole ministry from Uzziah to Manasseh must therefore have lasted more than half a century. The work of no other prophet can be dated so definitely as that of Haggai. 5. The modernist school of interpretation denies the predictive element in prophecy altogether, arguing either that the predictions were written down after the events thus foretold took place or that such predictions reflected nothing more than the prophets hopes for the future, or those of his people. 3rd return of exiles (445) Major prophets. He will listen to the prophet speaking to Israel of old and endeavor to understand what his words meant to the people who originally heard them. A portion of the nation of Israel returned to Jerusalem under Zerubbabel in 535 B.C., and then with Ezra in 458 B.C., and Nehemiah in 444 B.C. 3:5). He had told them that He would progressively diminish their strength and honor as a nation until they should all be carried away into captivity (Deuteronomy 28:15-68; 2 Chronicles 36:16, 17). Sinai God entered into covenant relation with Israel as a nation (Exodus 19:1-8; 24:3-8; Deuteronomy 7:6-14) upon the same basic conditions and with the same ultimate objectives as the Abrahamic covenant. The 7th-century view.This view holds that Joels ministry seems to fit into the early years of Josiah, when Assyrian power was nearing its end and Babylon was still a weak kingdom. Host: Alan's Gleanings Chart of the Kings Alphabetical List of the Kings Questions for Discussion A Comment about Names The Heritage of Jesus God's Message of Salvation Kings of the United Kingdom (c 1025-925 BC) King Relationship to Previous King God's Judgment Saul none did evil Ishbosheth* son . The sons of the stranger [or Gentile, 1 Kings 8:41; see on Exodus 12:19, 43] would join themselves to the Lord, to serve him, and to love the name of the Lord (Isaiah 56:6; Zechariah 2:11). It was to be the result of wholehearted cooperation with the will of God as revealed through the prophets, and of divine blessing added to human efforts. See also the Chronology of the Latter Prophets and the Intertestamental Period. Hence, Jonah was probably the earliest of the prophets under discussion. The modernist school of interpretation bases its position on the a priori assumption that any knowledge of the future is impossible, and ignores all evidence to the contrary. At times they had an import, not only for the age in which the prophet lived, but also for a day far future; in other words, they had a dual application. ), success must and will comethrough Israel after the spirit. Had Judah remained loyal to God its captivity would not have been necessary. Privacy Policy. Isaiah 54:7; Ezekiel 36:11; 43:10, 11; Micah 6:8; Zechariah 10:6). *The prophets are listed according to their order in the Scriptures. Blog / Chart of Israel's and Judah's Kings and Prophets August 11, 2014 Chart of Israel's and Judah's Kings and Prophets Jonathan Petersen Blogger Grid member Craig T. Owens ( @craigtowens) has created the helpful chart below delineating the Old Testament prophets and kings of Israel and Judah: [ See the updated version of this chart] Owens says:
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timeline of the prophets of israel