Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. Scientists estimate creating and storing a gram of antimatter would cost in excess of a million billion dollars and require about 25 million billion kilowatt-hours of energy. - Georg Patscheider Nov 30, 2018 at 14:03 All the galaxies, the clusters of galaxies, the stars, the planets, us. It depends on the specific case or use. It's the only way to be sure. Different types of antimatter require different types of traps. The antimatter we produce collides with matter and gets annihilated without us even noticing. This wave leads to an abrupt increase in pressure. Ten things you might not know about antimatter The Antimatter Bomb: Only Weapon More Powerful Than A Nuke The time of interaction is very short. $\begingroup$ For shooting it through the air: you need to have some kind of containment anyway and a single gram of antimatter-matter annihilation is like an atombomb going off so you dont need much. But I mean, I'm leaning towards Star Trek being somewhat more accurate, they gloss over how Warp Drive works in the Original Series, but by the time The Next Generation came about in 1987 they explained how Warp Drive works, and then we had a working theory on the Alcubierre Drive by 1994. There's not really any point translating that to Australian dollars because it's absurd either way. I mean, in Star Trek, they use Matter/Antimatter reactions to power their starships, it's pretty powerful. Antimatter weapons are currently too costly and unreliable to be viable in warfare, as producing antimatter is enormously expensive (estimated at $6 billion for every 100 nanograms), the quantities of antimatter generated are very small, and current technology has great difficulty containing antimatter, which annihilates upon touching ordinary matter. What's the cheapest way to buy out a sibling's share of our parents house if I have no cash and want to pay less than the appraised value? The only reason they dont exist yet is because they just so expensive to make. Browse other questions tagged, Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site. Q3 is very hard to answer you need to completely overwhelm the gravitational pull of earth so only terraforming don't qualify for millions of pieces. It seems like 2, 200kg antimatter bombs, in short succession, dropped into the Yellowstone Caldera would be fairly certain to ignite a life ending volcanic eruption saving a trillion tons of antimatter, more or less. Expensive? Matter-antimatter annihilation from a hypothetical macroscopic explosion would produce the same particles as proton-antiproton annihilation in microscopic quantities in accelerator experiments. A more realistic method might be to create a nuclear winter, by blowing dust up into the sky. "So we actually need infrastructure like at CERN, accelerators that will produce enough energy locally in a very small spot to produce pairs of an antiproton and a proton.". There is no nuclear bomb that comes close to the power this bomb would have. Divide the energy put out by this annihilation and we get $\Delta K = 14000$. The TNT explosion radius becomes: In case of ranges where the public access is denied, the blast radius becomes: Energy from different sources But to understand the properties of this mysterious anti-stuff, apparently anti-electrons won't cut it. Ten things you might not know about antimatter For scenario 1, you'd probably be able to get by with even less just tens of grains per person, targeted at the brain would be enough to cause embolisms. This worksheet uses the property of energy called the heat of combustion or heat of explosion and is expressed in units of kilocalories per gram. A kiloton of TNT can be visualized as a cube of TNT 8.46 metres (27.8ft) on a side. We know from the show that they use Deuterium and Anti-Deuterium, so not a "complex" element compared to say, using Uranium and Anti-Uranium. In order to store antimatter it has to be kept in a sealed container and held up with magnets so that it floats. Explosive Yield of a Photon Torpedo. - ST-v-SW.Net "We actually expect that the whole Universe since there was lots of energy around at the moment of the Big Bang should consist of equal amounts of matter and antimatter," Professor Doser says. While I can't provide any numbers to back this up, I have a feeling the answers to Part 2 and Part 3 are going to be the same. You bet. Or would it be similar to a Fat Man Bomb? Such an asteroid would boil away the oceans and transform the atmosphere into one of steam and molten rock." The stand-off distance is: The Hopkinson-Cranz equation is useful for estimating safety distances for explosives. So far, all the antimatter created in all the particle accelerators on Earth wouldn't be enough to boil a cup of water. By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. The antihydrogen gets stuck in the area with the weakest magnetic field. The problem lies in the efficiency and cost of antimatter production and storage. Would one atom of antimatter be lethal if annihilated inside the brain? And if you're concerned that this work doesn't warrant fooling around with such a violently explosive anti-substance, Professor Doser says there's no need to worry. explosions - Putting grams of antimatter in the atmosphere - Physics It's not them. 1 gram of antimatter explosion radius - isgho-sup.com TNT Calculator - IME Antimatter is the opposite of matter. >$10^{15}kg$, it's not exactly rocket science. 2 kg of $E=mc^2 = 1.79 \times 10^{17} J$. (W/W) = (R/R). Since after the Big Bang there was nothing left but matter and antimatter in equal amounts, they should have annihilated everything. The total global nuclear arsenal is about 15,000 nuclear warheads. 1 gram of antimatter costs $62.5 trillion according to NASA. On the other hand, one milligram of 18F-FDG will contain on the order of 3x10^18 molecules. There is such a thing as an antimatter trap. Both humans and bananas only produce a tiny amount of antimatter, which is why we havent all been destroyed. I think this is a very conservative answer in that it is very certain to get the job done. The first is that the technology developed in CERN's Antimatter Factory has been appliedin medical imaging tools calledPET scanners. Antimatter weapons would be the most destructive and powerful in human history, so why dont they exist? I rolled back the edit that added a formula at the end, which was the reason for my comment. Professor Doser and his colleagues need anti-protons. WAY too much. The team can create thousands of antihydrogen atoms in only a second but the trap barely catches any. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. The blast radius becomes a critical parameter in such scenarios. Unlike Big Bang speculation, these measurements, which are testable and repeatable, were real science. When the Tsar Bomba was tested in Russia it produced such a large fireball that it could be seen from 620 miles away. Are Neutrons and anti-Neutrons attracted to each other over distance? Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, and our products. Gas-expansion and pressure-change effects tend to "freeze" the burn rapidly. For the similarly named weight measurements, see, The explosion from a 14-kiloton nuclear test at the. Something less than 7g to kill every human. I went to wolframalpha.com, and typed in this. Converts antimatter to energy in joules. Scientists have trouble finding antimatter however it can be created for a hefty price. I was planning on adding more to this response, but I think Serban covered it as well as I can for numbers #1 and #2. [2], The "megaton (of TNT equivalent)" is a unit of energy equal to 4.184 petajoules (4.1841015J). 1 Answer. ", National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration, "How much energy does an earthquake release? Antihydrogen cannot be trapped using magnets as it doesnt have an electric charge. 1 gram of TNT = 700 calories = 700*4.1868 joules. Even on larger time scales, creating enough anti-matter to destroy the earth will still be very difficult without invoking the drop a rock strategy. rev2023.5.1.43405. Estimated mass-energy of the observable universe. So in this Big Bang scenario, particles and antiparticles would have been coming into existence and then annihilating one another in equal measure. Indeed this is a polar-explosion (1 gamma to one side and the other to opposite side). radiation - Antimatter bomb - Physics Stack Exchange Right now, antimatter - with a price tag of about $62.5 trillion per gram - is the most expensive substance on the Earth. Another way of weaponising antimatter is to use it to power spaceships which could potentially be used for warfare. "Bananas are a perfect unit for antimatter production. And yet, a piece of fruit makes antimatter too. A quarter of a gram of antimatter threatens to unleash the power of 5,000 tons of TNT and destroy everything within a half-mile radius - or so goes the fictional story. The cost of creating antimatter like this makes it the world's most expensive substance. TNT equivalent is a convention for expressing energy, typically used to describe the energy released in an explosion. Embedded hyperlinks in a thesis or research paper. The damage done to the biosphere here is more due to pressure and heat than radioactivity. [3], As of 2004[update], the cost of producing one millionth of a gram of antimatter was estimated at US $60 billion. Could a subterranean river or aquifer generate enough continuous momentum to power a waterwheel for the purpose of producing electricity? The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? thanks for the detailed answer! This is not the first time Big Bang thinking has led to the conclusion that the universe shouldnt exist. [7][8], An antimatter weapon is a part of the plot of the Dan Brown book Angels & Demons and its film adaptation, where it is used in a plot to blow up the Vatican City.[9][5]. For an explosion of TNT equivalent mass, WWW and scaled distance, ZZZ. For instance, the antimatter equivalent to the electron is called the positron. So to kill all humans you need 406,900 kg of antimatter. Catch up with The Loop, Jock Zonfrillo remembered as an 'incredible chef' and influential member of Australia's culinary landscape, 'Until we meet in heaven': Maryborough community comes to grips with triple fatality as loved ones remembered, Perfect storm brewing for housing market and it could make buying your own home a pipedream, Reserve Bank tipped to leave interest rates on hold for a second month, ASX to open lower, Clare desperately wanted to stop drinking but she couldn't make it stick. The Big Bang is, and always has been, unsupported speculation. Many people have proposed that we disarm all nuclear weapons to make the world safer. Given how difficult it is to make antimatter, this is probably the only way could do so using antimatter within the next 100 years. I have no idea what you're talking about. The best chemical rockets, like NASA's Space Shuttle main engine, max out at around 450 seconds, which means a pound of fuel will produce a pound of thrust for 450 seconds. In 1996, the Mars Global Surveyor took 11 months to arrive at Mars. Theviolence of an antimatterreactionwas clearly demonstrated when a tiny pinch of the stuff exploded over Vatican City in the fictional Dan Brown epic, Angels and Demons. So if correct the answer would answer question number 3, but questions number 1 and 2 are left unanswered. Some of the radiation will doubtless cause fission or transmutation - a nucleus hit by an anti-proton is likely to at least lose a nucleon, and the mesons also happily react with nuclei. When it hits the target the capsule breaks and the air/target get hit by the antimatter. If antimatter makes contact with any ordinary matter it will explode, this includes air. Strange Frontiers, episode 2:The factory where one of the most expensive and elusive materials is made. But say I had 1 Antimatter Electron, and I just opened a container in a room, what would happen? What about antimatter bombs? | New Scientist Something like this would probably be your optimal (in terms of parsimonious use of anti matter, anyway) approach for #1 and #2. The blast radius is merely an indicative number, and it is still UNSAFE to be anywhere close to the blast radius in a real-world scenario. But the point is: antimatter is the opposite of matter. Unfortunately that is rather slow, so a few humans will likely survive in bunkers you don't know about, for quite a long time. This means that even if a supposed Big Bang could somehow create a universe, that universe would forever remain devoid of matter, unlike the actual universe in which we live. If the number of Short Tons is larger than 300, you should submit USGS form 9-4040-A. But other than this probably being impossible, it may just start the race for the antimatter bomb. To study antimatter, you must prevent it from being annihilated . The human body also releases antimatter. With careful planning, I expect less well less than 1 gram of antimatter would be needed to make this a bad day for the earth. Hence why I'm thinking they may have tried to say "Nope, 3,000m of Antimatter would really only be an explosion this big" as opposed to "Something as big as your hand would utterly level half of Rome" which is significantly smaller than 3,000m. [10], Such differences can be substantial. Extreme caution is advised. Collisions between these photons would have resulted in the production of particlesparticles which would eventually become stars, galaxies, and people. The height of the fireball was over seven times the height of Everest. The basic principleis that so much energy is concentrated at a single point that it creates mass the mass of matter. The Truth about Angels, Demons and Antimatter | Live Science What if I had a gram? The positron has the same mass as an electron but with a positive charge, rather than negative. Comparing with nuclear weapons, this is about 50 kton TNT. Would it be similarly anti-climactic? Those made at CERN amount to about 1 nanogram. "Antimatter appears every single time matter appears," Professor Doser says. Check what you could have accomplished if you get out of your social media bubble. We have a mole of atoms in a gram, or a total energy release of (2 GeV)(6 x 10^23)(1.6 x 10^-19 J/eV) = 2 x 10^14 J, or 200 terajoules. Will Antimatter Destroy the World? | Live Science Well, in theory if you mix one gram of matter with one gram of antimatter you should get 1.810 14 joules of energy or about 43 kilotons. ', referring to the nuclear power plant in Ignalina, mean? Antimatter is one of the most unstable substances in the world. Frank Close, a particle physicist at the University of Oxford, points out the time problem, too. [4] As such, Hui Chen of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory dismissed concerns about antimatter bombs in 2008 as "unrealistic". A 10kg antimatter bomb would cause a gigantic 230 megaton explosion. For that you can recreate the meteor that made the dinosaurs extinct (100 trillion tons of TNT) with about two tons of antimatter in one spot. When groups of people are asked to name the most expensive substance, the variety of answers is hilarious. "One 100th of a nanogram [of antimatter]costs as much as one kilogram of gold," he says. Why are players required to record the moves in World Championship Classical games? This is one of the more common types of "TNT equivalence" and is the one used on USGS form 9-4040A. This is becoming more and more obvious as time goes by. But, taking the statement as accurate (and the source appears to be of generally high quality to me). What could humans do to render the earth uninhabitable? If you wanted to capture antihydrogen without it getting annihilated, then you would have to use something called a loffe trap. I have no idea how to get that in an antimatter bomb, because of the fizzle problem noted above. The universe began to cool and then expand. It's also likely the most explosive substance on the planet. Particles of both antimatter and matter were created. You could probably reduce your targets from 7 B to a few dozen by targeting, say, the leaders of a few large nations or the microprocessors in their early-warning systems, and let the ensuing nuclear strikes and counter-strikes do the rest. It only takes a minute to sign up. [4], Alternative values for TNT equivalency can be calculated according to which property is being compared and when in the two detonation processes the values are measured.
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1 gram of antimatter explosion radius