exoticism in translation

relationship between foreignisation and exoticism, which will be based London and New York: Routledge. New York: Columbia University Press. However, I did not fully identify what that means. This usually takes two forms: either discovering a common humanity that transcends cultural differences or recognising aesthetic forms and patterns familiar from European art cinema in world cinema. Pratt, Mary Louise (1992). Taking our cue from Al-Najjar (1989), the paper shows that employing Arabicisation can be through (1) loanword in which traits of exoticism are observed in Arabic; (2) loanblend: a hybrid form of the translated item consisting of two parts, one belongs to the Source Language (SL) and another belongs to the Target Language (TL); (3) translation . Tanna invokes the exotic iconography of earlier South Sea films. 1972. 20 May. Chinese Cinemas (18961996) and Transnational Film Studies. In the West, ugly but resilient ideas about civilization, Post the Definition of exoticism to Facebook, Share the Definition of exoticism on Twitter. I think it depends on the context and situation. Loosely plotted around one of Disneylands hoariest theme-park rides (which, even after recent updates, still teems with faux savagery and denatured, Her affinity for combining chinoiserie, Moghul-style flowers, and Provenal accents surfaces subtly, giving the rooms a whiff of, Bhutan has often been ranked as one of the worlds happiest countries, and WeCroak seems to be trading on a casual, Puertas assemblages, with their fake tropical greenery, faux fur, lace, rhinestones and sexualized forms, represent the, There's no trace of her Asian background or even the, For decades, Bollywood movies, at least when they were released here, had an undeniable, The earliest pictures here, dating from the 19th century and taken of Indigenous North Americans by non-Native photographers, emphasize. Encyclopedia.com gives you the ability to cite reference entries and articles according to common styles from the Modern Language Association (MLA), The Chicago Manual of Style, and the American Psychological Association (APA). The standard taxonomy in translation looks like this: -2 = Exoticism (very strong elements of source language + culture left in), -1 = Cultural borrowing (minor source elements left in), 0 = Calque (a balanced translation that tries to tow a line between both cultures and languages), +1 = Communicative translation (more toward the target language), +2 = Cultural transplantation (source elements removed and complete loyalty to the target language; as if never translated, with no hints of source language or culture). There are three of these: 1. Change), You are commenting using your Facebook account. For the twenty-first century, the experience of the exotic frequently thrives on an imitation of a ritual presumed to be authentic, involving an act of mimicry whose comic potential is easily glazed over. Since exoticism invariably spectacularises cultural difference, it is regularly censured for concealing the uneven power hierarchies that undergird colonialism and its ideological and aesthetic legacies by offering visual pleasure, the implication being that visual pleasure is something like an opiate that anaesthetises the spectators critical capacities, thereby precluding intellectual interrogation and critical distance. It is used to give the reader a sense of something "exotic" and "unusual". 316 0 obj Negra, Diane (2002). v1f@1Nk8>{00U@]8>Y{Zl+ bD0 fi:N^o|CB9%F!6 .>.y8LWv And, to end with yet another disclaimer, I may have conveyed the impression that contemporary world cinema merely recycles the exotic iconography and narrative tropes of the past without actually innovating the aesthetic paradigm and its ideological trajectory. What does exoticism mean? In: Matthew, Bernstein and Gaylyn, Studlar, eds., Visions of the East: Orientalism in Film. exoticism | translation to Mandarin Chinese: Cambridge Dict. Exoticism in translation refers to using words or phrases which sound "exotic" in the translated language, because they are of foreign origin. SEE ALSO Cannibalism; Enlightenment; Gaze, Colonial; Gaze, The; Orientalism; Other, The; Prostitution; Sexuality; Stare, The; Stereotypes; Tourism; Travel and Travel Writing; White Supremacy. Offering a theoretical discussion of exoticism, alongside the closely related concepts of autoethnography and cultural translation, the article proposes that exoticism is a particular mode of aesthetic perception that is simultaneously anchored in the filmic text and elicited in the spectator in the process of transnational reception. exoticism definition | Cambridge Dictionary 48 0 obj Ebert, Roger (1992). . Refer to each styles convention regarding the best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates. Durham and London: Duke University Press. This prominent ethnic stereotype, which readily homogenises Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese and other Asian women, is instantly legible as exotic. I should like to thank Montage av: Zeitschrift fr Theorie und Geschichte audiovisueller Medien for granting me permission to publish my article Exotismus im World Cinema und die transnationale Rezeption, originally published in German in issue 28 (1) (2019), pp. Situating World Cinema as a Theoretical Problem. Taxonomy of a Translation Thank you! I seek to show that through vision and touch, and the proximity of objects to bodies in domestic environments, goods from all over the world become part of the material culture of the seventeenth-century Netherlands. Exoticism, as a cultural phenomenon, has mainly been examined via related critical concepts. Insights and Discoveries, Amsterdam 2017, pp. London and New York: Routledge. 1839, in English. (PDF) Translation as a Virtuous Circle: A Case of Borrowing in Arabic Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. Find out the translation of exoticism to 25 languages with our English multilingual translator. In China, Raise the Red Lantern was initially banned and Chinese audiences preferred Zhangs visually less flamboyant Qiu Ju Da Guansi (The Story of Qiu Ju, China/Hong Kong, 1992) and Huo zhe (To Live, China/Hong Kong, 1994), both films about ordinary people and a shared collective past and present. Preparing for your Cambridge English exam? In cinema, Robert Flahertys ethnographic documentary Moana (USA, 1926) and Friedrich W. Murnaus feature film Tabu: A Story of the South Seas (USA, 1931) have established the South Sea film genre that continues to determine the exotic iconography of contemporary films set in this region. Postcolonial Studies: The Key Concepts. Offering a theoretical discussion of exoticism, alongside the closely related concepts of autoethnography and cultural translation, it proposes that the exotic gaze is a particular mode of aesthetic perception that is simultaneously anchored in the filmic text and elicited in the spectator in the process of transnational reception. International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences. Birus, Hendrik (2004). Experimente el exotismo de la Medina de Marrakech. In fact, the dogmatic insistence on cultural fidelity is incompatible with the multiple processes of cultural translation that shape world cinema. As exotic goods and materials become part of the domestic environment, global goods gain local meanings, and simultaneously bestow new layers of meaning on the material culture of the early modern Netherlands. The Hollywood Reporter, Performing Exoticism, Autoethnography and Cultural Translation, http://www.goethezeitportal.de/db/wiss/goethe/birus_weltliteratur.pdf, https://www.theguardian.com/film/2016/jan/21/the-assassin-review-captivatingly-hypnotic-if-impenetrable-wuxia-tale, https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/raise-the-red-lantern-1992, https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/assassin-cannes-review-797267, https://doi.org/10.1163/26659891-01020001. endobj London and New York: Wallflower Press, pp. This article examines why exoticism is central to thinking about the global dynamics of world cinema and its transnational reception. The widowed Mr Chu prepares elaborate banquets for his three daughters in Eat Drink Man Woman. endobj A +2 translation. Similarly, exoticism, though a prevalent interpretative model in the transnational reception of world cinema, competes with other ones, such as those which, indebted to Fredric Jamesons influential but controversial essay Third-World Literature in the Era of Multinational Capitalism (1986), conceive of world cinema in terms of national (or political) allegory. The most critically acclaimed examples of global art cinema demonstrate that an aesthetics of sensuous indulgence, which combines visual pleasure with haptic visuality, effectively compensates for the hermeneutic deficit that occurs when films are watched across borders. Exoticism definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary In contrast to other scholars, who harshly criticise certain world cinema filmmakers for becoming complicit in Western cross-cultural modes of representation, such as exoticism and Orientalism, when making films about their own cultures, Chow regards it as the inevitable consequence of bearing the memory of past objecthood the experience of being looked at which lives on in the subjective act of ethnographizing like an other, an optical unconscious (Chow, 1995: 180). It results in creative reconfigurations that occur when the state of boundedness is disturbed by the forces of mobility (Papastergiadis, 2011: 2). EXOTICISM (foreignness ).1 A TT marked by exoticism is one which constantly uses grammatical and cultural features imported from the ST with minimal adaptation. For some words, like "table", gender is fixed. exoticism in American English. 93-128. Europes Myths of Orient: Devise and Rule. Chow, Rey (1995). Lost in Translation: Exoticism in Early Modern Holland Claudia Swan Art History Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding Chapter Overview APA . 27 Apr. However, the date of retrieval is often important. Change). Racial Attitudes and Exoticism in the Old English 'Wonders of the East' The flare of recent racial tensions, especially in the wake of the Trump administration's xenophobic rhetoric, has had repercussions in Charlottesville and across the United States. Museum Rietberg. 4655. The Fascination of Persia. It has been deeply entrenched in the European imaginary of the Orient ever since Pierre Loti conflated exoticism and eroticism and his immensely popular novel Madame Chrysanthme (1887) inspired Giacomo Puccinis opera Madama Butterfly (1904) and served as a template of Asian femininity in the popular imagination of the West (cf. 1. Berghahn, 2017: 29). White Western writers, painters and filmmakers have equally partaken in the process of cultural translation by making foreign people, their cultures and traditions as well as ethnic minorities within their own national or cultural sphere. This period also engendered a taste for the rich costumes of the Orient, the main geographic location of Enlightenment fantasies about the exotic. International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences. Manchester, U.K.: Manchester University Press. The term exoticism describes a cultural phenomenon that projects Western fantasies about profound cultural differences. Huggan, Graham. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ). xviixxii. Review Captivatingly Hypnotic, If Impenetrable, Vanishing Paradise: Art and Exoticism in Colonial Tahiti, Primitive Passions: Visuality, Sexuality, Ethnography, and Contemporary Chinese Cinema, Island Dreaming: The Contemplation of Polynesian Paradise, Realism of the Senses in World Cinema: The Experience of Physical Reality, Situating World Cinema as a Theoretical Problem, Remapping World Cinema: Identity, Culture and Politics in Film, Travelling Concepts: Postcolonial Approaches to Exoticism, Revisiting Exoticism: From Colonialism to Postcolonialism, Francophone Postcolonial Studies: A Critical Introduction, Global Art Cinema: New Theories and Histories, Offering Tales they Want to Hear: Transnational European Film Funding as Neo-Orientalism, The Postcolonial Exotic: Marketing the Margins, Third-World Literature in the Era of Multinational Capitalism, Transnational Chinese Cinemas: Identity, Nationhood, Gender, The Chinese Exotic: Modern Diasporic Femininity, Chinese Cinemas (18961996) and Transnational Film Studies, The Skin of the Film: Intercultural Cinema, Embodiment, and the Senses, Realist Cinema as World Cinema: Non-Cinema, Intermedial Passages, Total Cinema, Ethnic Food Fetishism, Whiteness, and Nostalgia in Recent Film and Television, Discovering Form, Inferring Meaning: New Cinemas and the Film Festival Circuit, Cultural Translation, Cosmopolitanism and the Void, Imperial Eyes: Travel Writing and Transculturation, The Third Eye: Race, Cinema and Ethnographic Spectacle, Essay on Exoticism: An Aesthetics of Diversity, Defence of Exoticism: Rescuing the Literary Imagination, New Exoticisms: Changing Patterns in the Construction of Otherness, The Assassin: Cannes Review. endobj "Jan van Vliet and Rembrandt van Rijn: Their Collaboration Reassessed", in: S. Dickey (ed. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, pp. In: Lcia, Nagib, Chris, Perriam and Rajinder, Dudrah, eds., Theorizing World Cinema. Nevertheless, these films also rely on pictorialism, spectacle and visual pleasure for their transnational appeal. Young, Deborah (2015). Typographic Calque This occurs when typographical conventions that exist only in the source language are transferred to the new language. (PDF) Social and Cultural Barriers in Translation - ResearchGate 283 0 obj If we conceive of world cinema and its transnational exhibition on the film festival circuit (and beyond) as such a contact zone then the interactive exchange occurring in this space is, on the one hand, the expectation of metropolitan audiences to encounter a particular kind of world cinema that corresponds to their exotic fantasies of Other cultures and, on the other hand, the creation of autoethnographic texts, that is, films made by non-Western filmmakers which appropriate the idioms of metropolitan representation (Pratt, 1992: 7). For example, the documentary realist aesthetics of the Iranian New Wave films, which Nichols uses as a case study in his essay, is far too austere to qualify as exotic. Although the encounter with the strange and unfamiliar is one of the principal fascinations that world cinema affords transnational audiences, it invariably triggers the reflex to recover the strange as familiar (Nichols, 1994: 18), or to use the term I introduced in relation to the exotic, to domesticate it. Furthermore, as defendants of cultural translation have argued, such hermeneutic collisions and reconfigurations are actually highly productive interactions that bring about cultural innovation, provided that the power differentials are not too extreme (Papastergiadis, 2011: 7). Primitive Passions: Visuality, Sexuality, Ethnography, and Contemporary Chinese Cinema. ." Pratt (1992: 4) defines contact zones as social spaces where disparate cultures meet, clash, and grapple with each other, often in highly asymmetrical relations of domination and subordinationlike colonialism, slavery, or their aftermaths as they are lived out across the globe today. She describes the intercultural encounters occurring in the contact zone as interactive, as the constitution of subjects in and by their relations to each other (Pratt, 1992: 7). 310 0 obj exoticism translations: . https://www.theguardian.com/film/2016/jan/21/the-assassin-review-captivatingly-hypnotic-if-impenetrable-wuxia-tale. The Third Eye: Race, Cinema and Ethnographic Spectacle. If we concur with Chow, then world cinema can never give a true or authentic representation of China, India, Africa or other cultures, since centuries of European cultural hegemony have conditioned non-Western filmmakers to see themselves through Western eyes. Improve your vocabulary with English Vocabulary in Use from Cambridge. Ethnic Food Fetishism, Whiteness, and Nostalgia in Recent Film and Television. Kaplan, E. Ann (1997). It adopts a cultural perspective that is firmly entrenched in the conventions and belief systems of Western civilization and therefore constructs the East as the archetypical location of otherness. What is Calque (or Loan Translation) | BLEND Blog endobj . To save this word, you'll need to log in. La Isla de Borneo evoca un poderoso exotismo. 6}letBlT%kF6p. In: Rosalind, Galt and Karl, Schoonover, eds., Global Art Cinema: New Theories and Histories. 1990. Homi Bhabha and subsequent scholars of hybridity and the encounters between subaltern and dominant cultures, therefore, make every effort to draw attention to exoticisms parodic dimension in order to empower and render eloquent its latent subversion of oppressive and exploitative fantasies. Although world cinema inevitably reflects the look from the outside and therefore anticipates what the transnational critic/festival jury/spectator wants to see, and although exoticism is an appropriate aesthetic strategy to fulfil these expectations, I am not suggesting that exoticism is the only or dominant mode of representation in world cinema. As I have demonstrated elsewhere (Berghahn, 2017), contemporary world cinema offers numerous examples of how exoticism is harnessed to new ethico-political agendas and a diverse range of humanitarian and ecological issues that have nothing in common with exoticisms tainted colonial legacy. Bradshaw, Peter (2016). Prostitution and the exploitation of countless women, children, and some men are side effects of exoticisms tendency toward aesthetic abstraction and voyeuristic commodification of its participating actors. Introduction: The Impurity of Art Cinema. Durham and London: Duke University Press. Katrien Lichtert, Christopher D M Atkins, Erik Verroken, Anne-Laure Van Bruaene, Angela Jager, Martine Vanwelden. Although this article examines how some contemporary world cinema filmmakers exoticise their own cultures, world cinema also exoticises other cultures. History The demand of the nineteenth century for information about non-European peoples gave rise to numerous cheap reproductions of ethnographic drawings. Exoticism in Translation refers to using words and phrases which sound "exotic" in the translated language, because they are of a foreign origin. For very technical texts, where accuracy of content is king, it might be closer to -2 or -1. <> These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word 'exoticism.' Not much Arctic exoticism. Segalens slim volume Essay on Exoticism: An Aesthetics of Diversity was posthumously published and is an unfinished fragment that reflects his impressions of Tahiti and China whereto he travelled between 1902 and 1919. Likewise, we only need to consider Apichatpong Weerasethakuls films, whose radical alterity makes them extremely enigmatic, if not utterly perplexing for global audiences, to appreciate that they lack two essential characteristics of exoticism: firstly, their extreme Otherness precludes domestication, that is, integration into a familiar system of aesthetic and conceptual reference points and, secondly, they are largely devoid of the visual and sensuous allure that is a hallmark of exotic cinema. By looking at a number of things in circulation in the early modern Netherlands, we can identify them as both global, in the sense of having travelled across long distances, having accumulated associations with the exotic, and as local, part of the cultural practices we have come to think of as Dutch. However, to reserve this right for native critics and scholars would constitute a form of cultural essentialism that ultimately defeats world cinemas main attraction, namely, to offer windows onto other worlds. <> Google Translate is going to not make this decision, I think. This is certainly not the case. The Five Concepts Of Cultural Transposition | ipl.org 'pa pdd chac-sb tc-bd bw hbr-20 hbss lpt-25' : 'hdn'">. Revisiting Exoticism: From Colonialism to Postcolonialism. Lutz Bassmann went first and kept his mouth shut the whole time. Mitigating gender bias in machine translation: adapt, then correct Encounters with Cultural Difference: Cosmopolitanism and Exoticism in Tanna (Martin Butler and Bentley Dean, 2015) and Embrace of the Serpent (Ciro Guerra, 2015). Translation Studies 4 (1), pp. (LogOut/ It adopts a cultural perspective that is firmly entrenched in the conventions and belief systems of Western civilization and therefore constructs the East as the archetypical location of otherness. exoticism noun [ U ] uk / zt..s.z m / us / z.t.s.z m / the quality of being unusual and exciting because of coming (or seeming to come) from far away, especially a tropical country the exoticism of the East Want to learn more? This entry was posted on April 15, 2010 at 2:56 pm and is filed under Uncategorized. Methodologically, this essay combines a close reading of the idealized representations of things in domestic spaces we encounter in paintings with an analysis of the materiality, design and historical trajectories of the things themselves. Performing Exoticism and the Transnational Reception of World - Brill 4149. Although exoticism is associated with notions of animality, it carefully distances itself from the violence and exploitation that characterize the related concept of barbarism. Your current browser may not support copying via this button. ) |{)yQmiN,ax ,sT'NuX0%vV*8}i `Xus$LuY,mz@@^t\Dsw Very interesting. Painting natural knowledge in the early seventeenth century, The History of the Dutch and Flemish Art Collection of the Szpmvszeti Mzeum. 554581. Learn more in the Cambridge English-Chinese simplified Dictionary. Young, Robert J. Find a translation for the exoticism definition in other languages: Select another language: - Select - (Chinese - Simplified) (Chinese - Traditional) Espaol (Spanish) Forsdick, Charles (2001). Clarke, Roger (2016). A Recently Discovered Painting by Willlem de Poorter, From Painting Performances to Performing Paintings. London and New York: Routledge. Thus, the kind of world cinema under consideration here is also known as global art cinema and conceived with global cinephiles rather than local mainstream audiences in mind.1, This raises the question of how global art cinema squares the circle of conveying a sense of local authenticity (one of the main attractions world cinema holds in store) while being simultaneously intelligible and appealing across different cultures. This essay is based on the notion that the early modern world was shaped by connections that stretched across geographical, political and cultural boundaries. An accurate translation That is why exoticism has also been conceptualised as a form of cultural translation, namely the process by which one culture tries to make sense of another and not just their foreign language, but also their traditions, rituals and their entire way of life. 'pa pdd chac-sb tc-bd bw hbr-20 hbss lpt-25' : 'hdn'">. 1997. (April 27, 2023). While the term exotic denotes the imaginary qualities or essence of difference that are projected on to cultures as well as natural environments that are radically different from ones own, exoticism describes a particular representational strategy or, as Graham Huggan (2001: 13) writes in The Postcolonial Exotic, a mode of aesthetic perception [] which renders people, objects and places strange even as it domesticates them, and which effectively manufactures otherness even as it claims to surrender to its immanent mystery. In order for exoticism to enable the kind of imaginative investment that replaces cultural authenticity with the construction of an idealised (or, conversely, threatening) form of alterity, it needs to traverse spatial (and frequently also temporal) distances, as well as cultural and/or national borders. 285-304. Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. Nagib, Lcia (2011). Offering a theoretical discussion of exoticism, alongside the closely related concepts of autoethnography and cultural translation, it proposes that the exotic gaze is a particular mode of aesthetic perception that is simultaneously anchored in the filmic text and elicited in the spectator in the process of transnational reception. 0 && stateHdr.searchDesk ? de Luca, 2013; Galt and Schoonover, 2010: 1517; Nagib, 2011; 2020. Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. Exoticism demonstrates itself in colorful spectacles of otherness purporting to be an unmediated expression of natural drives and instincts. Although her martial arts skills are unsurpassed, on several occasions, her heart blocks her from completing her deadly assignments. Heung, Maria (1997). ), Budapest, 2014. <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF /Text]>>/Type/Page>> The visual pleasure afforded by exotic spectacle is arguably the chief vehicle that allows world cinema to travel and be understood, or misunderstood, as the case may be, by cultural outsiders who are potentially disadvantaged by a hermeneutic deficit of culturally specific knowledge when trying to understand films from elsewhere. Iconography and Identity in Frederick Rihel's Equestrian Portrait, Kuretsky "Worldly Creation in Rembrandt Three Trees" Artibus et Historiae 1994.pdf, Govert Flinck and the Houses of Orange and Brandenburg: network and influence, India Ink: Imagery of the Subcontinent in Early Modern Europe, Shalom Sabar, Between Calvinists and Jews: Hebrew Script in Rembrandts Art, in Mitchell B. Merback, ed., Beyond the Yellow Badge: Anti-Judaism and Antisemitism in Medieval and Early European Modern Visual Culture (Leiden: Brill, 2008), 371-404, 559-573, Thoughts on the Market for Rembrandt's Portrait Etchings by Stephanie S. Dickey, Review of The New Hollstein: Rembrandt (7 vols.) VB144; London's Smaller Art Collections Week 9 THE DULWICH PICTURE GALLERY, Historians of Netherlandish Art Conference May 23 to May 26, 2018, Allegory on the Colonial Power. It experienced its first boom during the age of Enlightenment, when the establishment of trade routes began to supply Europe with such vast quantities of exotic goods that the purchase of luxury goods, including china, silk, perfumes, and precious stones, became affordable by the increasingly wealthy middle classes. ), Art in Iran and Europe in the 17th Century: Exchange and Reception (pp. https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/assassin-cannes-review-797267. Identifying one of the most prevalent iconographic conventions of exoticism, Victor Segalen (2002: 13), one of the chief commentators on exoticism, writes: Exoticism is willingly tropical. Within that early modern connected world, material culture played a key role. Journal of Historical Geography 29 (4), pp. Palm trees and giant ferns, dense lush forests with waterfalls convey a sense of natural abundance and pristine nature. the quality of being unusual and exciting because of coming (or seeming to come) from far away, especially a tropical country: the exoticism of the East SMART Vocabulary: related words and phrases Exceptional qualities, things and people a gift from the gods idiom be a one idiom character curiosity distinction distinctiveness favoured gift Whether or not this kind of autoethnography is a deliberate strategy or an unconscious process is one of the questions that Rey Chow addresses in her study Primitive Passions on Fifth Generation Chinese cinema and Chinese visual culture more broadly. 65: Arts of Display. 2023. Much of contemporary world cinema is, in addition, also transnational in terms of its modes of global cultural production and funding. Preparing for your Cambridge English exam? Moreover, its transnational appeal is usually part of a deliberate strategy which non-Western filmmakers deploy to pander to the tastes and expectations of Western critics and audiences. rogerebert.com 27 March. Whereas the agency implied in the act of seeing is a form of power, being looked at is disempowering (a point also made by Laura Mulvey (1975) in her seminal essay on visual pleasure and the gendered scopic regimes of classical Hollywood cinema).

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